Polymers dardaro

Maanta, iyada oo aan isticmaalka noocyo kala duwan oo polymers, laga yaabee, wax aan macquul aheyn in la qiyaaso mid kasta oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka oo casri ah. Waxay ku guuleystay meel adag in industry culus iyo dhismaha iyo sidoo kale warshadaha fudud iyo cuntada. Waa maxay waxyaabaha mucjisada?

Waa maxay polymers

Cusbi - waa walax macromolecular ka kooban noqnoqda dhismeedka silsilad (monomers). unugyada noocan oo kale ah ee silsiladda polymer wuxuu noqon karaa mid aad u badan. Wada hadalka kasta oo kale oo macneheedu yahay bonds covalent oo kor u formation of macromolecules ah.

Polymers yihiin asal organic ama ka imanba. The xeryahooda kelli organic, joogitaanka carbon ayaa loo baahan yahay, taas oo aan aasaaska loo dhismeedka imanba ama dardaro. xeryahooda polymeric Organic waa element-carbon-silsilad iyo hetero.

Intaa waxaa dheer, polymers weli qaybsan dabiiciga ah, macmal ah oo isku dardaro. War sidee monotsepey ah organic by falgalka kiimikada gaar ah loo diyaariyey sidii xarunta macromolecular aan dabiici ahayn. Tusaale ahaan, suufka ama by habka kiimikada ah, waxa loo beddelay fiiloyin polymeric dardaro.

Iyo waxa sifooyinka of polymers macmal ah synthetic? Modern geedi socodka saarka ogolaan abuurka polymers artifishal ah ama synthesizing aan isticmaalka arrinta organic, taas oo ah, formation of qalab macmal ah. polymers dardaro waxaa loo diyaariyey by Avv fudud ee walxaha low-kelli ama ka qalab kale isku dardaro polymeric.

dirka polymers

habaynta shuruud iyaga u soocay galay kooxaha soo socda:

1. polymers xoolaha dabiiciga ah loo isticmaalo dadka muddo dheer. Tusaale ahaan waa kuwa soo socda: gelatin, glycogen.

2. polymers dhirta dabiiciga ah, taasoo aan sidoo kale u yaqaanaan. istaarijka Tani, caag, cellulose iyo lignin.

3. polymers macdanta dabiiciga ah - waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa silica ama quartz macdanta loo yaqaan crystal dhagax weyn. crystal rinji noqdo dhagax qaali ah - ametustos. In foomka budada ah, waxaa diinta ciidda caadiga ah.

4. polymers Artificial ka monomers organic sameeyey. walxaha cellulose leaching isticmaalaya polyesters dhigay: ethylcellulose, benziltsellyuloza iyo methylcellulose loo adeegsado warshadaha rinjiga. walxaha badan oo sida la sameeyey dhogor idaad, maqaar, dhogorta, xariir iyo wixii la mid ah. D.

5. polymers sindeetig hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa in qaybaha badan warshadaha, waxaan ka helnay faafinta weyn. Tusaale ahaan, in industry iftiin waxaa leh tolmo wanaagsan oo knitted difaan macdantaa dardaro sida caag, nylon, polypropylene, nitrone. Waxay aad u xoog badan oo gebi ahaanba tirtiri karin yihiin. data polymers dardaro oo ka dhigan qaab dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee fiiloyin unugyada helay polycondensation of qaarkood acids walxaha kiimikada sida diamine ethylene, diamine hexamethylene, polyolefin ama polyacrylonitrile. Sidaa darteed, tayada aasaasiga ah polimerov- "awowayaashiis," ayaa lagu kala qaado, iyo polisoedineniyam ah oo gebi cusub. Sidaas darteed, waxaan aad u hesho waxyaabaha aad u iftiin iyo laastikada leh conductivity kaamerada yar yahay, waa adkaysi u saamayn kiimikada, jirka iyo Hawada.

Thanks to sifooyinka badan oo qiimo leh, polymers dardaro helay codsi ma aha oo kaliya in industry dhar ah, laakiin sidoo kale in daawada, la isku qurxiyo iyo warshadaha cadarka, beeraha, baabuurta, dhismaha, qoyska iyo beeraha kale.