Saamaynta photoelectric - ka physics ee ifafaale

In 1887, saynisyahan Jarmal Hertz helay saamaynta iftiin on dheecaan korontada. Waxbarashada dheecaan ololka Hertz ay ogaadeen in haddii iftiiminta koronto negative la Ultraviolet rays, dheecaanku ka dhacdaa danab a hoose on electrodes ah.

Waxaa dheeraad ah ayaa lagu ogaaday in marka ileys of ARC koronto si xun u eedeeyay saxan bir ah ku xiran arrow electroscope electroscope dhacaa ah. Tani waxay muujisay in huurada ee arc ciinwaanka lumiyo lacag negative. ma lacag wanaagsan ee saxan bir iftiinka ma lumin.

Loss of meydadka biraha ciinwaanka by rays iftiinka of xun lacag korontada waxaa lagu magacaabaa saamayn photoelectric ama saamayn photoelectric.

physics The of this ifafaale ayaa lagu bartay tan iyo 1888 iyo caanka ah saynisyahan Ruush A. G. Stoletovym.

Daraasaddu waxay of qarniyadii saamayn photoelectric la sameeyey by yahay ee la rakibo oo ka kooban laba cajaladood oo yaryar. The saxan zinc adag iyo mesh a khafiif ah vertical jeedi kasta oo kale, la xirrira capacitor ah. Its saxan xiran ulihii ka il hadda, ka dibna ciinwaanka iftiinka of ARC koronto.

Light si xor ah iyada oo loo marayo mesh ku saabsan dusha sare ee disc a zinc adag.

STOLETOV ogaaday in haddii saxan zinc ah capacitor ee ku xiran baallaha xun ee isha danab ku (cathode a), galvanometer ku xiran Bannaanka muujinaya hadda. Haddii cathode waa mesh a, ka dibna waxaa hadda jirin. Sidaas daraaddeed, ciinwaanka saxan zinc shanqarta qayb ka xun soo oogay, kuwaas oo mas'uul ka ah jiritaanka hadda iyada oo shabaqa u dhexeeya waa.

Stoletov, waxbarashada saamaynta photoelectric, ka physics kuwaas oo aan weli la furay, ayuu wuxuu soo qaatay waayo tijaabo uu giraangirood oo ka mid ah macdanaha kala duwan: aluminium, copper, zinc, lacag, nickel. iyaga lifaaqaaya in baallaha xun ee isha danab ku, waxaa la arkay sida hoos tallaabada of ARC ku soo wareegi jiray ee warshad pilot waxaa koronto. hadda Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa photocurrent ah.

By kordhaya danab u dhexeeya photocurrent taarikada capacitor u korodho, gaarey danab gaar ah si ay qiimo badnaan yeedhay photocurrent robab ah.

Baarista saamaynta photoelectric, ka physics kuwaas oo waxa ay xidhiidh dhow la tiirsanaanta ee u damaysay ee qiimaha photocurrent oo ka mid ah iska Ifto Yuuna ka daadanayo dhacdo on saxan cathode ku STOLETOV aasaasay Sharciga soo socda: qiimaha u damaysay ee photocurrent ah, waxay noqon doontaa si toos ah saamiyeed si huurada ka daadanayo iftiin dhacdada.

sharciga Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa Stoletov.

Later waxaa laga dhex helay photocurrent in - socodka ee electrons ka biraha iftiin dildillaacsan.

Fikradda ah saamaynta photoelectric ayaa helay codsiga wax ku ool ah u ballaaran. Sayidka la abuuray qalab, taas oo ku salaysan yihiin this ifafaale. Waxaa loo yaqaan unugyada tamarta qoraxda.

Lakabka photosensitive - cathode - qarinayaan hoose ku dhawaad oo dhan ee guluubka galaas marka laga reebo daaqad yar yar u helaan iftiinka. anode ayaa sidoo kale waa giraan silig ah, xoojiyeen gudaha weelka. weelka - vacuum ah.

Haddii aan ku xidhi giraanta inay baallaha wanaagsan ee batteriga iyo lakabka photosensitive bir dhex galvanometer ee ay pole xun, ka dibna markii daboolaya lakabka haboon il light hadda u muuqataa in Bannaanka.

Waad damin kartaa batteriga at dhan, laakiin ka dib waan arki doonaa hadda, oo kaliya aad u daciif ah, tan iyo markii ay kaliya ay qeyb yar oo ka mid ah nuurka saaray electrons dhici doonaan on giraanta silig - anode ah. Si kor loogu qaado danab saamaynta lagama maarmaan ah in si ee 80-100.

saamayn Photoelectric, physics ee taas oo loo isticmaalayo in xubno sida laga dheehan karo iyadoo la isticmaalayo biraha kasta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax badan oo ka mid ah, sida copper, iron, platina, tungsten, kaliya xasaasi u ah Ultraviolet rays. Biraha xumadoodu Diintooda - potassium, sodium iyo cesium, gaar ahaan - oo xasaasi u ah rays arki karo. Waxay sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saaridda of cathodes unugyada tamarta qoraxda.