Waayo, in gubay Giordano Bruno? Ugu weyn ee fikradaha, qoraallada, daahfurtay

Waxaa jira dhowr qodob oo ka mid ah aragtida ku saabsan waxa la gubay Giordano Bruno. In miyir ballaaran oo ka danbeeya image, xididana leh ee nin la dilay for daafacaayo aragti heliocentric. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii fiirin dheeraad ah Biography iyo shuqullada fekeraya this, waxaad arki doontaa in ay khilaaf la Church Catholic waxa uu ahaa in ka badan oo diinta ka badan sayniska.

Biography of fekeraya ah

Ka hor inta heshiiska, taas oo uu la gubay Giordano Bruno, waa inaad tixgelisaa hab nolosha. Faylasuuf The mustaqbalka waxa uu ku dhashay 1548 in Italy, meel u dhow Naples. In magaaladan, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo noqday wadaad a at keniisad a hoose ee St. Dominic. nolosha oo dhan uu baaris diimeed isugu yimid kula cilmi. Waqti ka, Bruno ahaa mid ka mid ah ragga ugu bartay uu waqti. Xitaa sida ilmo uu bartay macquulka ah, suugaanta, iyo shirkii Arab.

At 24, Dominican dhallinyarada noqday wadaad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nolosha Giordano Bruno muddo dheer la xidhiidha adeegga ee kaniisadda. Marka lagu qabtay isagoo akhriska suugaanta mamnuucay monastic. Markaas Dominican ugu horeysay u cararay Rome, ka dibna si waqooyiga Italy, ka dibna gebi ahaanba laga saaro dalka. Waxaa jiray daraasad kooban ee Jaamacadda Geneva, laakiin waxaa Bruno laga eryey oo lagu eedeeyay faasiqnimo. Fekeraya waxay maanka ku ah xiiso leh. In uu saftay oo ay dadweynaha ugu doodo oo marar badan wuxuu u tegey ka baxsan cilmiga Christian, ma in heshiis la aamino in guud ahaan la aqbalay.

hawlaha sayniska

In 1580, Bruno u dhaqaaqay France. Eebe wuxuu baray in jaamacada ugu weyn ee dalka - Sorbonne ah. Waxaa sidoo kale u muuqday, oo shuqulladaadii hore daabacan oo ah Giordano Bruno. Books fekeraya diiradda on mnemonics - farshaxanka xusuusanaya. Faylasuuf Faransiis arkay Korol Genrih III. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa bacdi ee Talyaani ah, ku Wareerisay maxkamadda iyo bixinta oo dhan xaalado shaqo oo lagama maarmaan ah.

In Henry ka qayb qaatay qalab Bruno in English at University Oxford, halkaas oo uu ka dhaqaaqay isagoo jira da'da 35 sanno. In London ee 1584 fekeraya uu daabacay mid ka mid ah buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee uu "On xad la'aan ah oo ka mid ah caalamka iyo Caalamka." Seynisyahanno dheer bartay qalab xiddigaha iyo arrimaha bannaan. Caalamka aan la koobi karayn, ayuu hadlay oo ku saabsan in uu buugga, waa gebi ahaanba ka gees ah si ay u aqbali markaas aragtida.

Talyaaniga waxa uu ahaa taageere ah aragtida ah Nikolaya Kopernika - waa mid kale "item", taas oo uu la gubay Giordano Bruno. Its nuxurka (heliocentrism) ahaa xaqiiqada ah in ee xarunta of nidaamka Planetary waa qorraxda, iyo xiddigaha iilan ku wareegsan. dhibic Church of view on arrintan ahayd mid kasoo horjeeda. Catholics aaminsan yihiin in Earth waa in xarunta, iyo hay'adaha oo dhan si wadajir ah ula Sun waxaa (geocentricism this) socdaan. Bruno ku dooday in fikradaha Copernican ee London, oo ay ku jiraan maxkamadda boqornimada ee reer Elizabeth I. Taageerayaasha Talyaani oo aan helay. Xitaa Shakespeare, qoraa iyo falsafo Bacon ma taageeri aragtidiisa.

Ku noqo Italy

dhawr sano ee England ka dib markii, Bruno u safreen Yurub (inta badan ee Germany). Iyada oo shaqo joogto ah ayuu ahaa dhagan, maxaa yeelay, inta badan jaamacadaha ka baqaysid inaad ku qaadato Talyaani ah sababtoo ah fikradaha xagjirka ah. Warwareega isku dayeen in ay u degaan ee Czech Republic. Laakiin in Prague, isagu ma uu ku faraxsan yahay. Ugu dambeyntii, in 1591 fikir go'aansaday dhaqaaqo geesi. Isagu wuxuu u Italy dheeraad ah si hufan in Venice, halkaas oo uu ku casuumay aristocrat Giovanni Mocenigo soo noqday,. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa wuxuu bilaabay inuu handsomely bixiyo casharada Bruno in mnemonics.

Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xidhiidhka loo shaqeeyaha iyo fekeraya xumeeyay. In wadahadal shakhsiyeed qanciyay Bruno Mocenigo in ay jiraan Caalamka aan la koobi karayn, Sun waa xarunta ah ee dunida, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Laakiin qalad ka go'an Faylasuuf ka sii weyn, markii uu bilaabay inuu kala hadasho diinta laandheere. Laga soo bilaabo wada hadalka kuwaas oo, aad fahmi karto sababta ay Giordano Bruno gubay.

Xeer-ilaalinta ayaa Bruno

In 1592 Mocenigo diray dhowr denunciations inquisitors uguurtay, taas oo uu ku tilmaamay fikradaha geesi ah Dominican hore. Giovanni Bruno ka cawday in Ciise uu ahaa saaxir ah, oo isku dayay in ay ka fogaadaan uu dhintay, oo uu iyada kama qaadan shahiid ah, sida ku cad Injiil. Waxaa intaa dheer, fekeraya ah, ka hadlay adagtahay ee mushahaarada dembigu, iyo musuq-maasuq ee reincarnation reer suufiyadoodii Talyaani. Inkira caqiidooyinka Christian aasaasiga ah oo ku saabsan ilaahnimadiisa, si uu Masiix, dhalashada bikradda ah, Saddexmidnimada, iyo E. sidaas on., Waxa uu noqday lama huraan cadowga ku dhaarteen ee kaniisadda.

Bruno la sheekaysiga Mocenigo ku xusan waxay doonayaan waa in la abuuro uu cilmiga falsafada iyo diinta gaar ah "falsafada cusub." mugga fikradaha xagjirka ahayn muujiyay by Talyaani ah, ahaa sidaas u weyn in inquisitors si degdeg ah u baaraan. Bruno la xiray. Waxa uu ku qaatay xabsi iyo su'aalo ka badan toddoba sannadood. Sababo heretic neprobivaemosti, uu wareejiyay Rome. Laakiin xitaa waxaa, uu ku hadhay kala jeclayn. February 17, 1600 wuxuu la gubay ku jirta ee square ee Ubax ee Rome. Fekeraya ma quusan aragtidooda. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxa uu sheegay in ay gubaan taas micnaheedu ma aha in ay ku doodeen in uu aragtida. Maanta at meel ka mid ah fulinta waa taallo in ay Bruno waxaa lagu rakibay dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ah.

caqiidada

saynisyahan oo isu Giordano Bruno zastragivalo sayniska iyo iimaanka labada. Marka Faylasuuf in ay Italy ku soo laabtay, isagu xaq buu isu arkay wax wacdiya diinta edeb. The ku salaysan waxaa ka mid ah lahaa in ay tagaan aqoon dhab sayniska. isku darka waxa uu sharaxayaa joogaan in qoraalladii Bruno sida sababaynta macquulka ah iyo tixraacyo mysticism.

Dabcan, falsafo, qaabeeyey uu aragti kaliya ma dhici. siyaabo badan fikradaha Dzhordano Bruno ay ku salaysan tahay qoraalladii uu ka horreeyay badan, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa ku noolaa wakhtiyadii hore. aasaas muhiim u ah Dominican ahaa a xagjirka ah Platonism. Tani dugsiga hore ee falsafada baray jidkii asalka-dareen fahmo dunida, macquulka ah iyo wixii la mid ah. D. The fekeraya wareegay iyada fikrad ah nafta dunida, wadista caalamka oo dhan iyo bilowgii hal qof.

Bruno sidoo kale isku hallaysay Theorem. Tani cilmiga falsafada-diimeed ahayd mid ku salaysan fikrada guud ee caalamka sida nidaam harmonic, sharciyada tiro hoose. isaga raacaa si weyn u saameeyay Kabbalah iyo dhaqamada kale ee asalka ah.

diinta

Muhiimsan, views anti-HK ah Giordano Bruno macnaheedu ma aha in uu ahaa diin laawe ah. On lid ku ah, Talyaani ayaa wali ah Mu'min ah, laakiin fikrad Ilaah ahaa mid aad u kala duwan oo ka dogmas Catholic. Tusaale ahaan, ka hor dil ay horey u ahaa diyaar u yihiin inay u dhintaan Bruno ayaa sheegay in uu si toos ah abuuraha tegi lahaa.

Si aad u fekeraya ka go'an tahay inuu heliocentrism ma ay calaamad u ahayd diidmada diinta. Iyadoo aragti this, Bruno cadaato runta ah ee uu fikrado Theorem, laakiin mana uu inkirin jiritaanka Ilaah. Taasi waa heliocentrism noqday nooc ka mid ah hab xisaabeed si ay u kaabaan iyo horumarinta falsafadda ah saynisyahan ah.

Hermeticism

ilo kale oo muhiim ah waxyi ahaa Bruno falsafada Hermetic. Cilmigaygu wuxuu u soo Tani waxay u muuqatay in Qarniyadii hore soo daahay, marka Mediterranean ku soo maray oo ay ka talinaysay Hellenism. The salaysan fikirka ah qoraalka qadiimiga ahaayeen, xeerkii siinay Hermes Trismegistus.

Madhabta waxaa ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah falaga, sixir iyo alchemy. dabeecadda fahmayn iyo dahsoon ee falsafada Hermetic waa mid aad u soo jiitay Dzhordano Bruno. wakhtiyadii hore ay muddo dheer ahayd ee la soo dhaafay, laakiin waxa uu ahaa inta lagu guda jiro Renaissance ee Europe, waxaa jiray fashion ee sida daraasad iyo reinterpretation ilaha qadiimiga ah. Waxaa muhiim ah in mid ka mid ah cilmibaadhayaasha ka Heritage Bruno Frensis Yeyts isaga loo yaqaan "Renaissance saaxir."

cosmology

Inta lagu guda jiro Renaissance ah, waxaa jiray cilmi-yar, wax badan cosmology Rethink iyo qaab-dhismeedka caalamka oo dhan, sida Giordano Bruno. Aqoonyahan furan arrimaha kuwan waxaa ka soo baxay in shaqada "On the kharash garaysay iyo incalculable", "On aan la koobi karayn, ee koonkan iyo Caalamka" iyo "Dood Cilmiyeed ku saabsan dambaska." Fikradaha ku saabsan falsafada dabiiciga ah iyo cosmology, Bruno noqday saffarro kacaan, taas oo ah sababta ay marnaba qaaday. Fekeraya ka cilmiga Nikolaya Kopernika ku daray, siyaadinta iyo waxa kaamilayna. The theses weyn ee Faylasuuf cosmological ahaayeen sida soo socota - koonkan xiddigaha fog koobi karayn - analogs qorraxda jidhadhka dhulka, caalamka waa nidaam hal maro isku mid ah. The fikrad ugu caansan Bruno ahaa aragtida ah ee aragtida ah heliocentric, inkastoo ayaa soo jeediyay in Copernicus reer Poland.

In cosmology, iyo sidoo kale diinta, cilmiga Talyaaniga ku salaysan oo keliya ma aha on tixgelin sayniska. Wuxuu u beddelay si Sixir iyo fahmayn. Sidaa darteed, qaar ka mid ah theses uu diiday by sayniska mustaqbalka. Tusaale ahaan, Bruno rumeysan yahay in arrinta oo dhan waa la dhaceen. cilmi Modern ku gacansaydhay fikradda this.

Sidoo kale, si ay u caddeeyaan in uu sha Bruno inta badan billaabeen inay sabab u macquul ah. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa aad daaha ka mid ah uu muran la taageerayaasha aragtida ah ee muddaada ee Dhulka (ie geocentrism). Uu fekeraya muran keentay buugga "Iiddii dambas ah." Apologists muddaada Earth inta badan dhaleeceeyay Bruno la isticmaalayo tusaale ka mid ah dhagax ku hoos tan iyo munaaraddii sare. Haddii dhaw quraxda xidiga ah mareeg qorraxda oo ha joogsanina, jidhkaaga oo soo dhacaysa hoos ugu soo toosiyey ma dhici doonto, oo wax yar meelo kale.

Si wax looga qabto tani, Bruno bixiyeen uu muran. Waxa uu difaacay sida uu u aragti by hab oo tusaale oo ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqa markabka. Dadka boodayaa on board, caga isla goobta isku. Haddii Earth ahaayeen taagan, ka dibna doonni ay noqon lahaayeen kuwa aan macquul aheyn. Sidaas qalbiyadooda ka Bruno, dhaqaaqin meeraha jiididda dhexdeeda oo dhan waa. khilaafka Tani waraaqaha la soo horjeeda ee bogagga of mid ka mid ah buugaagta uu, fekeraya Talyaaniga runtii aad u hesho meel u dhow aragtida of relativity diyaariyey by Einstein qarnigii XX ah.

Mabda 'kale oo muhiim ah ka muujiyey by Bruno, ay ahayd fikrad ka sinnaan ah ee arrinta iyo meel. Saynisyahanka qoray in, on this salaysan, waxaan u qaadan karnaa in kasta oo dusha sare ee jidhka, koonkan eegi doonaa oo ku saabsan la mid ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, cosmology ku Faylasuuf Talyaani si toos ah u akhri on howlgalka sharciyada guud ee qaybaha kala duwan ee dunida ka jira.

Saamaynta of Bruno cosmological sayniska mustaqbalka

Research Bruno mar walba baxeen gacanta la views ballaaran ay ku fiqiga, anshaxa, metaphysics, sharraxaadda iyo D. sidaas on. Taas darteed, version Talyaaniga ee cosmological waxaa ka buuxsamay tusaalayaasha, mararka qaar la fahmi karo oo kaliya in ay qoraaga. shuqulladiisa ayaa la kulma ee cilmi khilaafaadka, ma joojin aan maanta.

Bruno ugu horeysay soo jeediyay in caalamka oo dhan waa la koobi karayn, oo waxaa jira tiro aan la koobi karayn Caalamka. fikrad Tani waa lid ku ah farsamo Aristotle ee. Talyaani inta badan la Yimaadeen fikradahooda kaliya qaab akhriska, sida in uu waqti ma laha hab farsamo oo awood si loo xaqiijiyo male cilmiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sayniska casriga ah waxa ay awood u buuxiyo nusqaamaha kuwan. The aragti bang weyn oo ka mid ah caalamka iyo koritaanka aan la koobi karayn xaqiijiyay fikradda ah Bruno ka dib markii dhowr qarniyo ka dib markii gubashadii ku jirta ee fekeraya ah.

saynisyahan The tegey wararka falanqaynta jidhkooda ku dhacaya. Uu xogta uu noqday shuruud u ah ah ee sayniska mabda'a tiiro, jeediyay Galileo Galilei. Bruno, mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, saameeyeen ee kacaanka sayniska ee qarnigii XVII ah. Oo waagaas, cilmi inta badan uu shaqada isticmaalaan qalab taageerayo magacaabista aragtiyaha iyaga u gaar ah. Muhiimadda Dominican u shaqeeyo mar hore in times casriga adkeeyay falsafo Jarmal iyo mid ka mid ah Aasaasayaasha ah positivists macquul Moritz Schlick.

Naqdiga ee uu aamino ee Trinity Quduuska ah

Shaki kuma jiro in taariikhda Giordano Bruno weli tusaale kale oo nin kan qudhiisu qaatay messiah ah. Tani waa caddaynta ku xaqiiqada ah in uu u socday si ay u bilaabaan uu diinta u gaar ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, iimaanka in howlgalka ay dureri dhexdeeda uma ay oggolaan Talyaani ah inay joojiyaan waxay aaminsan yihiin inta lagu guda jiro sano ka badan oo su'aalo. Mararka qaarkood la sheekaysiga inquisitors uu ahaa dhiiran tahay in tanaasul, laakiin xilligaan la joogo ee la soo dhaafay ayaa mar kale bilaabay in ay ku adkeyso.

Bruno naftiisa u bixiyey dhul dheeraad ah eedeymaha faasiqnimo. Waxa uu sheegay in uu aaminsan yahay uu aamino beenta Saddexmidnimada in mid ka mid ah waraysiyada. dhibane u ahaa inay xaalkaas in ay ku doodi ay booska iyadoo la kaashanayo ilo kala duwan. diiwaanka imtixaan fekeraya ayaa la dhawrayay Qaabkiisu, sidaa darteed maanta waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u falanqeeyaan sida nidaamka asalkiisu ka soo jeedo fikrado Bruno. Sayidka, Talyaani ayaa sheegay in kitaabka St. Augustine ayaa sheegay in muddada Trinity Quduuska ah uma aan iman in Zaman injiilka, iyo mar horeba in uu waqti. Iyada oo ku saleysan this, eedaysanaha la rumeysan yahay uu aamino oo dhan been iyo been abuur.

shahiid A sayniska ama rumaysadka?

Waxa muhiimka ah waa in xukun dil ah Bruno ah ma jiraan wax Xusuuso oo ka mid ah heliocentric nidaamka dunida. document ayaa sheegay in walaalkiis Giovan faafin diinta dhaxaltooyo. Tani waa lid ku ah xigmad caadi ah, taas oo dhigayaa in Bruno u xanuunsaday uu sayniska waxay aaminsan yihiin. Dhab ahaantii, kiniisadda ahaa dhaleeceyn carooday ka dogmas Christian Faylasuuf. Uu fikrad ah meesha uu Sun iyo Earth ka dhanka ah asalka this noqday kaftan caruureed.

Nasiib darro, waraaqaha ma xusin gaar ah oo ku saabsan waxa ay ahaayeen theses dhaxaltooyo Bruno. Tani ayaa loo ogol yahay taariikhyahanadu in loo qaato in ilaha dheeraad ah oo buuxda ka lumay ama si ula kac ah baabbi'iyey. Maanta, akhristaha xukumi kara nooca eedaymaha securities kaliya wadaad hore ee dugsiga sare (denunciation ee Mocenigo, hab maamuuska imtixaan, iyo D. sidaas on.).

Gaar ahaan xiiso leh oo taxanahan waa Schoppe Caspar ah. Waxay ahayd Jesuit ah, kuwaas oo ka qeyb galay dhawaaqo xukunka heretic. In uu warqad uu ku xusan arinka ugu weyn ee maxkamadda in Bruno. Ka sokow kuwii hore u kor lagu soo xusay waxaa laga yaabaa in fikradda ah in Muuse uu ahaa saaxir ah, oo kaliya Yuhuudda ka degay Aadan iyo Xaawo. Inta kale ee tartanka aadanaha, ayaa ku boorriyay falsafo, waxay u yimaadeen inay laba qof oo kale la abuuray by Ilaah maalin in laba ka Garden of Eden mahad. Bruno shaqeeyay sixir ammaanay oo loo arko in ay faa'iido. In weedhahan waxa uu mar kale lagu arkay hogaansanaanta fikradaha of Hermetic qadiimiga.

Waa calaamad in Church Catholic Roman ay horey u casri ah oo diiday in ay dib u kiiska Dzhordano Bruno. In ka badan 400 oo sano dhimashadii a pontiffs fekeraya ka dib oo waxba ma ay ka hor tageen, inkasta oo la mid ah ayaa loo sameeyey kufaar badan oo la soo dhaafay.