Sida loo dhiso airship ah? Waa maxay airship ah? iyaga Ha waxaan u baahan nahay in dunida casriga ah?

Airship (ka diriger Faransiiska - «gacanta») - Mashiinka duulaya is-gano, xumbo hawada. sheekooyin iyo sidii ay ku dhisi diyaarad uu, waxaanu kuu sharxi doona ka dib in this article.

xubno Dhismayaasha

Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo waaweyn oo Saiarrada: jilicsan, semi-adag oo adag. Kulligood waxay ka kooban tahay afar qaybood oo waaweyn:

• qolof sigarka ama biibiile la gaas oo cufnaanta ka yar yahay cufnaanta ee hawada ka buuxiyeen,
• qol ama gondola ganaax hoos qolof ah, taas oo loo isticmaalayo in lagu qaado shaqaalaha iyo rakaabka;
• matoorrada wadista propellers ah;
• shukaanaha ku siman oo toosan si ay u caawiyaan wadid airship ah.

Waa maxay blimp ah? cab buufin Tani waxay ku lifaaqan darina via xadhko. Haddii la sii daayo gaaska, qolof ah waa lumin doonaa, ay qaab.

airship Semi-adag (photo la siiyey ee maqaalka) ayaa sidoo kale ku xidhan tahay cadaadiska gudaha, taas oo uu xusay in ay qaab, laakiin waxa uu weli biraha ay guushu ku ah dhismaha oo longitudinally kordhiyay weheliyaan salka buufin iyo taageertaa cab ah.

Saiarrada adag ka samaysan yihiin jir oo khafiifa of daawaha aluminium sameeyey, dedday dhar. Iyagu ma laga shaabadeeyey. Inside dhismeedka tani waa buufinta dhowr, kuwaasoo mid walba uu si gaar ah waxaa laga buuxin karaa gaaska. Diyaaradaha noocan hayn ay qaab loo eegin heerka uu buuxnaanta dhululubada.

Waa kuwee gaasas waxaa loo isticmaalaa?

Sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo Saiarrada for hydrogen iyo helium qaadaya. Hydrogen waa gaaska daaraysaa yaqaan iyo, sidaas, waxa ay leedahay awood weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa aad u guban, taas oo sabab u ahayd shilalka badan dilaa ah. Helium ma fududa, laakiin waa badan ammaan sababtoo ah ma gubi.

xasilin Gas dhululubada airship hore laga sameeyey maro suuf lagu cufay la caag, kaas oo ugu danbeyn khiyaaneeyey by leyloonka sida caag iyo neoprene.

History of abuurka

The airship ugu horeysay guul la dhisay 1852 ee France by Henri Giffard. Wuxuu u abuuray Eebe engine uumi 160-pound ah oo awood u leh si ay u horumariyaan awooda 3-litir ah. p., kaas oo ahaa ku filan si ay u saaraan rafaasad badan at 110 Kacdoonkii halkii daqiiqo. In si ay u kor ugu miisaanka warshadda xoogga, waxaa qabanaysa 44-meter iyo biibiile hydrogen ah, laga bilaabo Paris waddo orod duulay xawaare 10 km / h, masaafada breaking ah oo ku saabsan 30 km ka.

In 1872, injineer Jarmal Paul Haenlyayn horeysay xiro loona isticmaalo on airship engine sari gudaha ah, taas oo u adeegi jiray gaaska shidaalka ka dhululubo ah.

In 1883kii, Albert Faransiis iyo Gaston Tissandier ugu horeysay si guul ah ay gacanta ku biibiilaha, kaas oo la eryay by motor koronto.

airship The ugu horeysay adag leh guryaha sheet aluminium la dhisay Germany ee 1897.

Alberto Santos-Dumont, hooyo a of Brazil kuwaas oo ku noolaa Paris, ayaa aasaasay tiro ka mid ah diiwaanka ee taxanahan ka dhiseen ka 1898 si ay u 1905 14 airship non-adag ku shaqeeya by matoorada sari gudaha.

Tiri von Zeppelin

The operator buufin adag ugu guulaha badan leh engine ah ahaa Jarmal Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin, kuwaas oo la dhisay 1900, ay airship ugu horeysay. Waa maxay-nololeedka 1? Luftschiff Zeppelin, ama diyaarad Zeppelin - waa markab farsamo adag oo dherer ah 128 m iyo ballaciisu yahay ee 11.6 m, taas oo la sameeyey ee jir aluminium ah oo ka kooban alwaaxdii saqafka haysay gaadhya 24 xiran by siddo transverse 16 yihiin laba matoorrada, awoodda 16 l. a.

Diyaaradda ayaa ka gaari karin xawaare ilaa 32 km / h. Earl sii si loo hagaajiyo design ah intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Adduunka ee koowaad, marka badan Saiarrada (yeedhay zeppelins) uu ayaa la isticmaalaa si loo bombard Paris iyo London. Diyaaradaha noocan ah sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa Xulafada lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, inta badan ilaalada anti-gujis.

In 20 iyo 30-ka mid ah qarnigii la soo dhaafay, in Europe iyo United States sii dhismaha Saiarrada. In July 1919, British diyaaradaha R-34 laba jeer ka dhigay diyaarad transatlantic.

Conquest of North reer Poland

In 1926, airship Talyaani semi-adag (photo siiyey ee maqaalka) "Norway" ayaa si guul leh loo isticmaalo Roaldom Amundsenom, Lincoln Ellsworth iyo Umberto Nobile General inaad wax ka barato Pole Waqooyiga. duulaan xigta kale airship, hogaaminayo Umberto Nobile.

Guud ahaan, waxaa la qorsheeyey in la sameeyo 5 duulimaad, laakiin airship ah, ka dhisay 1924, burburtay 1928. Hawlgalka ayaa ku soo laabto cilmi horjeeda qaaday in ka badan 49 maalmood, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo lagu dilay 9 samatabbixiyeyaasha, oo ay ku jiraan Amundsen.

Sida airship wuxuu u bixiyey 1924? Tan afraad Gaadiidka Cirka Taxanaha N, loogu talagalay by ee warshad iyo Umberto Nobile ee Rome, waxaa loo yaqaan "Italy".

talinaysay ah

In 1928, balloonist Jarmal Hugo Eckener dhisay airship ah "Graf Zeppelin". Ka hor inta aan u furfuridda, sagaal sano ka dib, wuxuu u sameeyey 590 oo duulimaad, oo ay ku jiraan 144 marinnada transoceanic. In 1936, Germany bilaabay rakaabka transatlantic joogto ah on the "Hindenburg".

Inkastoo guulahaan, at dhammaadka wakhtiga dunidu 1930 Saiarrada ah ficil ahaan joogsadeen in ay soo saaraan ay sabab u tahay in ay qiime sare, xawaaraha hooseeyo, iyo sidoo kale u nugul ee cimilada duufaanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, taxane ah oo shilalka, ugu caansan kuwaas oo - buuxsamay qarax hydrogen "Hindenburg" ee 1937, oo ay weheliso horumarka diyaaradaha ee 30 iyo 40 ee. ka dhigay noocan ah gaadiidka ay yihiin ganacsi huriye.

horumar technology

dhululubada gaaska Saiarrada badan hore ee lagu magacaabo "zolotoboytsa maqaarka" lagu sameeyo, brojektikani lo'da gadaal ka soo dagaalantay, ka dibna u taagay. abuurka ah ee mid ka mid ah diyaaradaha loo baahan yahay laba boqol iyo konton kun oo lo '.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Germany iyo xulafadeeda joojiyay wax soo saarka ee sausages, in ay jirto wax ku filan soo saarka ee Saiarrada oo fuliyay qaraxii of England. Horumarka technology dhar, oo ay ku jiraan, in la alifay ee 1839 of caag vulcanized by ganacsade Charles Goodyear American mahad, ayaa sababay qarax ee hal-abuurka ee airship ah. In soddon jirka hore, ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka dhisay laba "duulaya xambaara dayuuradaha", "Akron" iyo "Macon", kuwaas oo qolof furay, sii daayo raxan diyaarad dagaal F9C Sparrowhawk. doonniyihii waxay ku burbureen ka dib markii la dhacay duufaan, iyo aan lahayn si ay u caddeeyaan dagaal awoodda.

rikoodhkii dunida ee mudada of dayuurada la aasaasay 1937, tiradu "USSR-B6 Osoaviakhim". diyaarad lagu qabtay hawada 130 h 27 min. Cities booqday inta lagu guda jiro duulimaad airship - Nizhny Novgorod, Belozersk, Rostov, Kursk, Voronezh, Penza, Dolgoprudny iyo Novgorod.

buufin qorrax

Markaas Saiarrada libdhay. Sidaas daraaddeed, May 6, 1937 "Hindenburg" qarxay badan Lakehurst ee New Jersey - in kubada dab ah oo lagu dilay 36 rakaab ah iyo shaqaale. Dhibaatada ayaa laga duubay film ku saabsan, oo ay dunida oo arkay airship Jarmalka ku qarxay.

Waa maxay hydrogen, iyo sida ay khatarta u eaddaaday qof kasta, iyo fikirka ah in dadka guuri kartaa si raaxo leh ka yar awoodda gaaska this dumaya noqday aan la aqbali karin. In diyaaradaha casriga ah ee noocan ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa oo kaliya in ay helium, taas oo aan guban kara. Waxana si caanka ah oo noqday diyaaradaha dhaqaale sida xawaaraha sare ee "doomo duulaya" ee Pan American Airways.

injineerada Modern lug ku design ee diyaaradaha ee noocan ah, ayaa u baroortay xaqiiqada ah in ilaa 1999, markii la daabacay a collection of articles ku saabsan sida loo dhiso airship ah loo yaqaan "technology airship", oo keliya buugaagta heli jiray buugga "Diyaaradaha Design" Charles Burgess , lagu daabacay 1927

horumarka casriga ah

In dhamaadka, samaynta airship ka tageen fikradda ah gaadiidka rakaabka iyo xamuulka ayaa diiradda lagu saaray, taas oo aan ku filan si wax ku ool ah loo fuliyo tareenka, waddooyinka iyo gaadiidka badda, oo ka mid ah gaari karin meelo badan.

Muqdsho ugu horeysay mashaariic yar sida. In todobaatanaadkii ah, William Miller, a hore pilot dagaalka ee Ciidamada Bada ee Fleet ee New Jersey ayaa la kulmay qaabka deltoid dabayl markab lagu magacaabo Aereon 26. Laakiin hab ka Miller dhamaaday ka dib markii diyaarad ugu horeysay ee imtixaanka. Abuuritaanka diyaarad xamuul noocooda ah u baahan tahay maalgashi weyn, iyo iibsada iman kara uusan ku filnayn.

In Germany Cargolifter AG in dhismaha koras weyn ee adduunka ee la dhisayo in ka badan 300 m oo dherer ah, kuwaas oo ay shirkaddu la qorsheeyey in la dhiso semi helium xamuul airship adag ka yimid. Maxay waa in horyaal ah oo duurka ku ah aeronautics, waxaa caddaatay in 2002, markii shirkadda la soo gudboonaado dhibaatooyin farsamo iyo maaliyad kooban, gudbiyay badbaadinta kacday. katabaan wuxuu ku yaalaa meel u dhow Berlin, waxaa markii dambe la beddelay park ugu weyn gudaha biyaha ee Europe "jasiiradda kulaylaha."

In dabagalka horyaalka

Jiil cusub oo ah Injineerada design, qaar ka mid ah kuwaas oo ay taageerayaan kuwa dowladda la taaban karo iyo maalgashiga gaarka ah, waxaan ku qanacsanahay in, siin helitaanka tiknolojiyada cusub iyo qalab cusub, shirkada awoodaan inay ka faa'iideystaan dhismaha Saiarrada noqon doonaa. Bishii Maarso sannadkii hore, House Maraykanka Wakiilada abaabulay kulan ka go'an in ay noocan ah ee gaadiidka hawada, ujeedada taas oo ahayd in ay dardar-socodka ah ee ay horumarka.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, horumarinta Saiarrada ku hawlan aerospace waaweyn ee Boeing iyo Northrop Grumman. Russia, Brazil iyo Shiinaha ayaa dhisay ama la soo koraya prototypes iyaga u gaar ah. Kanada ayaa aasaasay tiro ka mid ah mashaariicda diyaaradaha, oo ay ku jiraan "Ship Solar", taas oo u eg qarxiyay a bararay qarsoodi leh milicsiga kaalinta guud ahaan dusha sare ee baalashooda oo la helium ka buuxsamay. All ay ku lug tartanka si ay u noqdaan ugu horeysay oo heleen suuqyada gaadiidka xamuulka, taas oo la qiyaasi karin, in balaayiin dollar. Currently, ogaanno waxaa lagu sawiray saddex mashruuc oo:

• Ingiriisi Airlander 10, Company Hybrid Baabuurta Air - hadda airship ugu weyn dunida,
• LMH-1, shirkadda "Lockheed Martin";
• Aeroscraft, shirkadda Worldwide Eros Corp soo galootiga dhismay Ukraine Igor Pasternak.

RC buufin gacmahooda

Si loo qiimeeyo dhibaatada ka jirta dhismaha diyaarad noocan ah, waxaa suurto gal ah in la dhiso carruurta airship ah. Its size waa ka yar yahay in of model kasta, oo laga iibsan karo, iyo waxa ay leedahay isku darka ugu fiican ee xasiloonida iyo dhaqaajinta.

In la abuuro airship a Ghadafi u baahan doontaa qalabka soo socda:

• Saddex motor Ghadafi oo miisaankeedu yahay 2.5 g ama wax ka yar.
• miisaanka Pico of 2 g (tus, DelTang Rx33, kaas oo, wada jir ah ula qaybaha kale, waxa laga iibsan karaa dukaamada khaas online, sida Micron Radio Control, Aether Sciences RC ama Plantraco), ku shaqeeya by hal unug lithium-polymer ah. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si loo hubiyo in waafaqid ee isku xira engine iyo qadanayo, ama u baahan tahay baahida loo qabo, kabida.
• Gudbiye socon saddex ama in ka badan channels.
• LiPo-Mah awooda batariga of 70-140 iyo xeedho ku haboon. In culayska guud kama badna 10 g, batteriga kor u baahan doontaa inaad 2.5, awooda batariga dheeraad ah siin doona muddo diyaarad weyn, at 125 Mah noqon kartaa si fudud u gaadhi ay muddo ilaa 30 daqiiqo.
• The fiilooyin isku xirta batteriga oo qadanayo.
• Saddex propellers yar.
• ushii carbon (1 mm) oo dherer ah 30 cm.
• Deprona gabal 10 x 10 cm.
• cajalad bokisyada, superglue iyo maqas.

Waxaad u baahan tahay si ay u iibsadaan buufin ee latex dhigay, la helium ka buuxsamay. Heerka Habboon ama load kale oo kasta oo ugu yaraan waa 10 D. Waayo gaaro miisaanka la doonayo waxaa lagu darayaa waaya'aragnimo, oo la saaro sida dillaac helium ah.

Qaybaha ku xiran yihiin in ka qodaa la koollo. motor hore waxaa loo isticmaalaa in uu horay u socdo, iyo gadaal u dadab dhigay. motor saddexaad waxa uu ku yaalaa meel u dhow xarunta of cuf iyo waxaa hoos u faray. rafaasad waxaa ku lifaaqan, waxa uu dhinaca ka soo horjeeda, si uu hogaamin karaan ilaa airship ah. Motors waa in la negaanaya la superglue.

Lifaaqaaya stabilizer dabada, si weyn u hagaajin karaa dhaqdhaqaaqa weerarka, sida kor u rafaasad lifaaqan yar dhaqdhaqaaqa wareeg ah, iyo rotor dabada waa mid aad u xoog badan. Waxaa iyaga deprona samayn kartaa oo ku lifaaq sharooto.

dhaqdhaqaaqa Forward waa in magdhow by yar u kaca.

Intaa waxaa dheer, airship ku adkayn kartaa camera jaban, tusaale ahaan, loo isticmaalo in FOB muhiim ah.