Steel carbon. Qoondaynta, GOST, codsiga

Steel - alaabta birta ah, ugu weyn ee wax dhismaha. Laga soo bilaabo waxa ay soo saaraan rebar dhismaha, bir ah oo kala duwan profiles, tuubooyinka, qaybo, mashiinada iyo qalabka.

wax soo saarka ee steel

warshadaha Iron iyo steel ayaa ku hawlan soo saarka bir iyo bir. Iron - adag, laakiin wax raagaya. Steel - waara, la isku halayn karo, caag ah, u nugul biraha daroogada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in foundries, diidanaa, soona bandhigi iyo jediyay.

Waxaa jira siyaabo dhowr ah oo wax soo saarka steel:

1. Converter. Qalabka: Converter oxygen. Kharashka (asaasiga ah): bir ah ee kabka cad, duugga ah steel, nuuradda. Soo saarta steels carbon kaliya.
2. Open-meesheeda dabka. Qalabka: foornada-meesheeda dabka furan. Charge: dareere bir ah ee kabka, duugga ah steel, iron ore. Oo isu for carbon iyo daawaha steels labadaba.
3. Arc. Qalabka: foornada arc korontada. Charge: duugga ah steel, birta doofaarka, coke, nuuradda. Habka A universal.
4. Induction. Qalabka: foornada Induction. Charge: steel oo tuuray duugga ah birta, Ferro-Alloys.

nuxurka geedi socodka steel soo saarka - yaraynta tirada inclusions kiimikada xun si ay u helaan biraha, kaas oo si wayn loogu gudbiyo sida "bir ah" - ama halkii, ee daawaha birta isagoo content carbon ah way ma aha in ka badan 2.14%.

geeddi socodka deacidification

Waayo, birta, heerka ugu dambeeya ee dikhaw habka karaya caadiga ah, kaas oo saameyn ku nitrogen Dhexdeeda soo jireenka ah, hydrogen, carbon monoxide. daawaha noocan oo kale ah ee gobolka waa sii qallafiyey leedahay qaab furan, kaas oo laga saaray by diidanaa. Waa jilicsan iyo compressible, laakiin aan ku filan raagaya.

habka Deacidification waxaa furi by galaya nijaasta ah karkaraya in daawaha ferromanganese of ferrosilicon, aluminium. Iyadoo ku xiran cadadka gaasas haraaga ah iyo xubno ka deoxidizing, steel la dabacsanaado karaa ama semi-dilay.

degree dhamaystirtay steel doonayo ee deoxidation waxaa siiyey galay wasakhahaasi for crystallization oo ay isticmaalaan in tallaabooyinka geedi socodka xiga ee soo saaridda ee alaabta birta dhammaadeen.

Qoondaynta of steel carbon

steel oo dhan ka jirta suuqa dunida ah waxa loo qaybin karaa carbon iyo daawaha. Dhammaan noocyada of steel carbon kala qaybsan yihiin kooxo iyo muuqaalada sal classifier kala duwan.

Iyada oo ku saleysan qaababka ugu muhiimsan soocidda waxaa go'doonsan:

1. Carbon steel dhismaha. Waxay carbon ka yar 0.8%. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saaridda ee filtarka, giringiriyey alaabta iyo castings.
2. Carbon steel qalab oo sodrezhat carbon qadarkuu of laga 0.7% 1.3%. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa qalab, qalabka qalabka.

Sida laga soo xigtay hababka deoxidation:

• karkaraya - xubno deoxidizing (RE) ee ka kooban yahay in ka yar 0.05%;
• semikilled - 0.05% ≤RE≤0,15%;
• dejiyaan - 0.15% ≤RE≤0,3%.

On Halabuurka kiimikada ah:

• carbon hooseeyo (0.3% ≤S);
• sredneuglerodistoj (0,3≤S≤0,65%);
• -Carbon sare (0,65≤S≤1,3%).

Steel oo ka kooban carbon qadarkuu ka badan 1.3%, looma isticmaalo in industry.

Iyada oo ku xidhan microstructure:

• hypoeutectoid - in steel carbon ee ka kooban yahay in ka yar 0.8%;
• eutectoid - bir leh content carbon ee 0.8% ah,
• fasalada hypereutectoid - steel la content carbon ka badan 0.8%.

On tayo leh:

1. tayada Celceliska. Mastadh waxa ku jira in ka yar 0,06% fosfooraska - in aan ka badnayn 0.07%.
2. steel Tayada. Iyagu ma ay ku jiraan baaruud iyo fosfooraska 0.04% weyn.
3. oo tayo sare leh. Markaas qaddarka baaruud ka yar tahay 0,025% iyo fosfooraska - in aan ka badnayn 0,018%.

Sida laga soo xigtay Heerka steel carbon fasalka aasaasiga ah in la qaybiyo:

• tayada caadiga ah oo dhisme ah;
• tayada dhismaha;
• qalab tayo leh,
• tayada qalabka.

Gaar ahaan tilmaamay steel dhismaha tayo caadiga ah

Steel tayo caadiga ah waxay ka kooban yihiin: ka - si 0,6%, S - in 0,06%, P - 0.07%. Aan aragno sida tani waxaa la tilmaamay steel carbon. Standard 380 qeexayaa Gudigga sal soo socda:

• A, B, C - group, A - aan la tilmaamay in la aqoonsado, waayo,
• 0-6 ka dib markii xarfaha "ST" - tiro serial, kaas oo la Windows XP in Halabuurka kiimikada iyo (ama) guryaha farsamo;
• T - joogitaanka Mangan ee Mn (manganese);
• kp, Sabuurka, c - heerka uu deoxidation (karaya, semi-dilay, oo xawaal).

lambarada 1 ilaa 6 ka dib markii magacaabista ah oo ahaa darajadii reer deoxidation by dumisaan a - this category. Xaaladdan oo kale, category ugu horeysay ee aan wax calaamad ah.

xarfaha M, K calaamadee bilowgii macnaheedu noqon karaa habka wax soo saarka qodniinka-: meesheeda dabka ama oxygen-Converter. Waana mid ka, steel carbon tayo caadiga ah lagu soo bandhigay calaamado ka kooban taranta, oo ku saabsan 47 gogo '.

Qoondaynta oo ah steels dhismaha tayo caadiga ah

steel Carbon tayo caadiga ah u kala qaybsan yihiin kooxo.

• Group A: steel, taas waa in si sax u dhigma guryaha farsamo cayimay. Macaamiisha waxaa inta badan bixisey in foomka of xaashi iyo multi-duuban (go'yaal, Tees, qaybaha H, rakiban, rivets iyo guryaha). Gargaarka: St0 St1 - St6 (kp, Sabuurka, sp), qaybaha 1-3, oo ay ku jiraan St3Gps, St5Gps.
• Group B: steel, taas waa in la nidaamiyo by Halabuurka kiimikada loo baahan yahay iyo guryaha. shubay macmalay iyo rogid, kaas oo la hoos gelin doonaa si ay cadaadis machining dheeraad ah in xaaladda kulul (oo ildheer, jediyay). Gargaarka: BSt0, BSt1 (Kn-CN) BSt2 (kp, Sabuurka) BSt3 (Kn-CN, oo ay ku jiraan BSt3Gps) BSt4 (kp, Sabuurka), BLS 6 (Sabuurka, CN), qaybaha 1 iyo 2.
• Group B: steel, oo waa inay u hoggaansamaan kiimikada, guryaha la taaban karo, si farsamaysan iyo farsamada. Koox Tani waa kala duwan soo jireenka ah ee calaamadaha, kuwaas oo laga sameeyey alaabta bac, xoojinta raagaya xidhaan goobaha in heerkulka ba'an, qaybaha muhiimka ah (faraha geliyeen handarraabbadeedii, boolal, oo ulahooda wareejiya, pistons). All alaabooyinka of Halabuurka kala duwan, guryaha iyo magac ka mid ah kooxda isku daraa weldability farsamada wanaagsan. Gargaarka: VSt1-VSt6 (kp, Sabuurka, sp), VSt5 (Sabuurka, sp), oo ay ku jiraan VSt3Gps, category 1-6.

steel Dhismayaasha tayo caadiga ah - Alloys isagoo isticmaalka ballaadhan badan oo dhinac in industry ee.

Calaamadaynta steel carbon tayo leh

content The carbon of steel ah ee uu sheegay in tayada ka 0.05% ilaa 0.6%. MILMA ee biraha ah ee soocidda group dhacdaa meesheeda dabka furan ama habka arc korontada. Tiro balaadhan oo ah joogitaanka carbon diversifies guryaha mechanical: low-carbon - caag ah, ee dhexdhexaad ah - oo xoog leh.

Tayada steel carbon ka kooban yihiin P iyo S aan ka badan 0.04%, siday u kala horreeyaan.

Calaamadinta (GOST 1050-88):

• xisaabin 05-60 - joogitaanka of carbon ah lo (min - 0.05% max - 0.6%);
• kp, Sabuurka, c - heerka uu deoxidation ( "CN" aan la tilmaamay);
• T, U, F - ku jira manganese, aluminium, vanadium.

Ka reeban calaamadiyey

steel carbon Tayada in ay dhidibada waa ka reeban:

• 15K, 20K, 22K - steel tayo leh, ay khuseyso in dhismaha kuleeliyaha;
• Ji-20 - Carbon - 0.2%, steel waa lagu dabaqi karo in soo saaridda ee tuubooyinka by rogid kulul dhismaha kuleyliyaha iyo rakibidda nidaamka diirinta, ka kooban copper iyo chromium,
• Cusbo - Steel for soo saaridda of ulo gaariga, waxaa ku jira nickel, chromium, iyo naxaas.

Maxaa yeelay, dhammaan noocyada of steel tayo sare leh lagu gartaa baahida loo qabo in ay suuragal tahay in la isticmaalo kaamerada (tus, caadi) iyo daaweynta thermochemical (tusaale ahaan, cementation).

Qoondaynta of steel carbon tayo leh

Noocan ah steel carbon loo qaybin karaa 4 kooxood:

1. wax Ductility ku haboon shaqada qabow (rogid), diidanaa in ay sheet iyo tube. Brand - 08ps steel, steel 08, 08kp steel.
2. biraha loo isticmaalo in rogid kulul oo ildheer oo, kaas oo shaqayn doona in a deegaanno thermally dagaal badan. Brand - Steel ee 10 ilaa 25 bir.
3. Steel, ayaa codsiga laga helay saaridda ee qaybo ka mid muhiim ah, oo ay ku jiraan ilo, ilo caleen, laysku xidho, handarraabbadeedii, fallaadhihii. Brand - Steel ee 60 ilaa 85 bir.
4. Steel u baahan in qaliin lagu kalsoonaan karo in jawi colaadeed (tus, silsilad diir). Gargaarka steel 30, steel 50, 30G steel, 50g steel.

Sidoo kale waa suurto gal ah in qaybi 2 kooxood oo dhan noocyada caanka ah ee steel carbon fasalka tayada: manganese dhismaha iyo dhismaha caadiga ah.

Isticmaalka carbon steel dhismaha

class tayada Steel	sumadda	codsiga
tayada caadiga ah	a0	rakiban, la noqdeen
	St1	brand, I-alwaaxdii saqafka haysay, channels
	St3Gsp	dhismaha kirada
	St5sp	bushings, nuts, handarraabbadeedii,
	St6ps	crowbars dhismaha
	VSt4kp	u qaabeysan, sheet, giringiriyey qaybta steel waayo dhismayaasha raagaya
tayada	Stal10	biibiile oo kululeeyaha, jediyay
	Stal15	Details sare ductility, cams, handarraabbadeedii, nuts
	Stal18kp	weldments
	20ps steel	faasas, iyo mudacyadii, faraha, qalabka, qasabadaha
	Stal50	geerka, cududdii
	Stal60	dunmiiqa, dhaqa, dhaqa guga

Carbon steel qalab lagu gartaa xoogga sare iyo qalleyf. Waxay ka dambeeya daaweyn kulaylka multi-yada a doonaa.

content The carbon ee birta: 0.7 - 1.3%. Waayo, tayada - ilaa 0,03% fosfooraska - ilaa 0,035%. qalab loogu talagalay oo tayo sare leh: baaruud - ilaa 0.02% fosfooraska - ilaa 0,03%.

Astaanta guridda (GOST 1435-74):

• U - qalab carbon;
• 7 -13 - carbon content dhexdeeda 0.7-1.3%, siday u kala horreeyaan;
• D - Joogitaanka manganese,
• A - tayo sare leh.

Ka reeban mabaadii'da aasaasiga ah ee sixitaanka steels qalab carbon - wax qaybo A75 habab jet ASU10E, AU10E.

Shuruudaha steel qalab

Iyadoo la tixraacayo GOST ah, steels aalad waa in ay buuxiyaan tiro ka mid ah sifooyinka.

physicochemical lagama maarmaan ah oo guryaha si farsamaysan: tilmaamayaasha tayada engegnaantiinna aawadeed, qalleyf, xoog, caabiga isbedel heerkulka inta lagu jiro hawlgalka (inta lagu jiro goynta, qoditaanka, xamuulka saameyn), iska caabin ah daxalka.

guryaha farsamada ku qeexan:

• caabiga geedi socodka technology goynta negative (nqoday mid ah chips, qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed);
• machinability wanaagsan soo jeestay oo shiidi doona,
• nuglaato in daaweyn kulaylka;
• caabiga kulayl.

Si loo kordhiyo tayada steel xuduudaheedu qalab farsamo iyo farsamada sakhiray in daaweyn kulaylka multistage:

• annealing wax ka bilaabin ka hor soo saarta qalabka;
• demin (qaboojinta in xal cusbo) iyo tempering waxyaabaha dhamaystirtay xiga (tempering inta badan ku yar).

The guryaha helay waxaa go'aamiya Halabuurka kiimikada iyo microstructure helay: cementite iyo martensite in austenite inclusions.

Isticmaalka carbon steel qalab

Waxaa loo adeegsaday steel tilmaamay for qalabka kala duwan: goynta, durbaanka, kaabayaal ah.

• U7 Steel, U7A - dubbayaal, chisels, faasas, chisels, sledgehammers, chisels, qabsatooyinkooduna kalluumaysiga.
• U8 steel, U8A, U8G - miinshaaro, screwdrivers, gacan qaad, bores counter, kuwaasoo ah kuwa qora, kelbed.
• U9 Steel, U9A - qalabka kursiga keydka, qalab qoryo jaraya.
• U10 Steel, steel U10A, U11, U11A - rasps, qasabadaha, oo dhoollatus maroojin, qalab kaabayaal for feer iyo dhaqmaan.
• At 12, U12A - reamers, qasabadaha, qalabka lagu qiyaaso.
• Y13, U13A - cidiyo, makiinadaha iyo qalabka qalliinka, jediyay gacan qaad.

steel QUMMAN fasalka doorashada carbon, ay technology daaweynta kulaylka, fahamka guryaha iyo dabeecadihiisa - rahaamad ka cimri dheer soo saaray, dhismayaasha baaraandegi ama loo isticmaalo ama alaabtii.