Waa maxay Chernobyl "Doug"? description

Waa maxay Chernobyl "Doug?" Sidee u shaqeeyaan? Kuwani iyo su'aalaha kale ee laga wada hadli doonaa maqaalka. Megapolis Chernobyl-2 waxaa ku yaal waqooyi-galbeed ee magaalada yar ee Chornobyl Polissya, laakiin on map wax qaab dhismeedka lahayn. Falanqaynta map-ka, waxaad ka heli kartaa meesha uu magaalada line ah lixdii bilood ee tamashle kaynta ama loox Calaamooyin kids, laakiin tixraac u lahayn in ay dhismayaal farsamo ama magaalooyinka. In Midowga Soofiyeeti aan awoodin in ay qarin qarsoodi ah, gaar ahaan haddii ay ahayd dagaal.

Duga

Halkee ahaa Chernobyl "Doug?" tan oo keliya ayaa shil Chernobyl iyo burburkii ka mid ah dadka Soviet bartay oo ku saabsan joogitaanka ciidankii a military (magaalada yar) ee kaymaha ee Polesie, oo ugaadhsado "sahaminta bannaan." Qarnigii la soo dhaafay in todobaatanaadkii aan abuuray nidaam u gaar ah diirada u military oo ay suurto gal ahayd in ay daawadaan furitaanka gantaal ah Intercontinental la dal cadow suurto gal. Waxaa lagu been abuurtay magaca radar saldhigga radar jid toosan (Duga).

Chernobyl "Arc" lahaa size aadka u badan ee ay helaan anteenooyinkooda oo ay daqal, looga baahan yahay kaydka shaqaale weyn - 1,000 askari qaadeen heegan site this. Magaalada yaryar waxaa la abuuray ee ciidamada iyo qoysaskooda, iyadoo wadada kaliya, loo yaqaan "wadada Kurchatov".

Go'aanka lagu sameeyo nidaamka radar bidhaamayaan "Doug ee lambarka 1" (oo u dhow magaalada Chernobyl) waxaa la ansixiyay ku saleysan go'aamada dawladda ka 1972, January 18, 1975 iyo April 14.

Horeba 1976, waxay ahayd qaybta ugu radar ugu muhiimsan Jaha Duga Chernobyl-2. naqshadeeye Lead Duga ee Chernobyl-2 jiray radio long-range SRI (NIIDAR). waxyoonay iyo fikradaha Designer ugu weyn Duga ahaa Kuz'minskii Franz.

imtixaanka

Imtixaanka koowaad ee Chernobyl "Dougie" Guddiga The State ayaa ka dhigay in 1979. Khubarada ayaa sheegay in marka loo diyaariyey imtixaanka, wuxuu lahaa si ay u xalliyaan dhowr ah oo dhibaatooyin farsamo oo soo baxay ay sabab u tahay hordhaca ah ee gebi ahaan u gaar ah,, waayo-aragnimo cusub oo laga qabanin, ee lacagaha caalamka.

Inta lagu jiro imtixaanada ayaa ogaan furayey of gantaallo side iyo gantaalaha ballistic ka site gantaalada Mareykanka bari, kormeero ku filaanshaha modules ee ku salaysan ogaanshaha furayey la xiriira ee lagu gano Intercontinental Maraykanka.

Isla mar ahaantaana ayna duleella u design ayaa la aqoonsaday, taas oo ka mid la'aan ah ogaanshaha tayada diirada hal iyo qaybaha yar oo ah hawlaha. dhaqdhaqaaqa Duga tayo sare leh ayaa lagu gaarey keliya xaaladaha foori awood cadowga gantaalo Intercontinental ee suurtogalka ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay go'aanka maamulka ee 1982, on May 30, inkastoo deegaamaynta gaar ah functional, waxaa la aqbalo horumarinta tijaabo ah sanadkii 1982. Chernobyl Duga The.

Munaasabaddan, ka abuuray ee dhismaha la siiyay Power - Danilov B. M., VN Krokunov M. Vasenev Yu, Dubrovskiy N. F., iyo kuwa kale..

dhibaatooyinka

Chernobyl "Doug" - waa xarun cajiib ah. Si wada jir ah iyada oo leh la dhisay laba kaxeynayo sida magaalooyinka reer Komsomolsk-on-Amur iyo Nikolaev. Iyada oo uu biloowday howlgalka of rakiban ahaayeen dhibaatooyin dheeraad ah. Waxaa soo baxay in qaar ka mid ah mawjadaha hawlgalka qalabka raadaarka ah ayaa weheliso raxan kalluumaysiga ee qalabka iyo Civil Aviation oo ka mid ah awoodaha Yurub. USSR ahaa daaweynta officious ka dalalka reer galbeedka in goobaha ay u saameeya nabdoonaanta ee raxan hawada iyo shirkaddu maraakiibta.

USSR u tageen inay tanaasul iyo isticmaalka joojiyay mawjadaha ka hawlgala. Injineerada hawsha la goostay in la baabi'iyo darrada hawl radar. Samaynta iyo aqoonyahanno u xallin, iyo 1985, ka dib markii casriyayn ah, unit bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Gospriomku.

geeddiga

Dad badan ayaa ku weydiin: Chernobyl "Doug" - waxa ka dambeeya design this? Ka dib markii 1986 shil Chernobyl dhacay, Duga laga saaray jeedo oo dagaal iyo qalab mothballed. dadka deegaanka rayidka iyo ciidankaba ayaa laga daadgureeyay ka aagga sumaysan ee shucaac.

Markii ay ciidamada iyo hoggaanka Soviet ogaaday baaxadda musiibada deegaanka, waxaa la go'aamiyay (1987) in ay ka saarto qalabka iyo nidaamka qiimo leh ee Magaalooyinka ee Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Tusaale ahaan, xarunta dhif ah oo bixiya gaashaan meel ka mid ah dalka Soviet ayaa iska daayeen inay shaqeeyaan, iyo Magaalooyinka iyo kaabayaasha ayaa la illoobay oo ka baxay.

saldhigyada masiirka

Chernobyl "Doug" - dhab ahaantii waa maxay? "Doug" (5N32) - Idaacadda radar Soviet-kaabiga dhismaha ogaanshaha hore ee gantaalaha ballistic Intercontinental, waxa lagu sheegay in kor ku xusan. Waxaa jira ugu yaraan saddex xarumood oo sida:

• Tijaabo adag "Arc-N" Nikolaeva ku saabsan 47 ° 02'28 "p. w. 32 ° 11'57 "a. d. madax naqshadeeye HG NW loogu talagalay F. A. Kuzminskim. Waxaa la burburiyey sanadkii 2000.
• The zone Chernobyl "Arc № 1" (qabyo Chernobyl-2) 51 ° 18'19 "p. w. 30 ° 03 '57 "in. d. HG NW iyo 51 ° 38 '15 ", p. w. 30 ° 42'10 "in. d. HG NW. Ka dib markii casriyeynta ee imtixaanada gobolka ee ku guuldareystay (1985-1986 sano). In 1986, 26 April, joojiyay sababo la xiriira shil Chernobyl ee. Qayb ka mid ah qalabka la gaadiid Komsomolsk-on-Amur, wixii la kor ku sheegay.
• In tuulada Big burcad, meel u dhow Komsomolsk-on-Amur 50 ° 53'34 "with. w. 136 ° 50'12 "a. d. HG NW iyo 50 ° 23'07 "p. w. 137 ° 19'41 "a. d NW HG -. kaliya loogu talagalay soo dhaweynta signal. saldhig gudbinta loo dhigay agagaarka xiran Lian-2. Laga saaray dagaal watch ee 1989, on November 14 ay sabab u tahay isbedelka cimilada caalamka. Maanta duminayo.

design

In sawirka Chernobyl "Doug" muuqataa Lafawayn. Waxa ay aheyd wax si buuxda qarsoodi ah in 1980, raad shay-sare sare fogaan ah 900 ilaa 3000 km ee gobolka circumpolar. Iyada oo taageero ka goynta-ku laayeen oo awood badan waqtiga radar, ciidamada ayaa soo baxay, in dareenka suugaan erayga, si loo eego ka baxsan bidhaamayaan.

Sababtoo ah ay sifooyinkaasi, adag this waxaa la odhan jiray "Duga 1". Waxa la abuuray by kuwa samaynta iyo horumarinta: Pin Yefim Kuz'minskii Franz Ceter Shustov, V. Shamshin V. Vasiukov.

Qaab-dhismeedka

Heshii, quruxsan xiiso leh inaad wax ka barato description ee Chernobyl ee "Dougie." Her radar ku shaqeeya ee kala duwan oo soo noq 5-28 MHz ah.

On soo koobin joomatari saxda ah ee Duga adag tahay in la hadlo. Information suugaanta si cad u heli karo caqli iyo suurto gal gurracan. Anteenooyinkooda la sameeyey on mabda'a antenna isugu soo joojinayaa. Tan iyo markii ay sida band a noqnoqoshada ballaaran, mid ka mid anteeno laga yaabaa in aanay daboolaa, mugga oo dhan waxa loo qaybiyay laba qaybood, iyo Arrays anteeno ayaa sidoo kale laga helay labo:

• antenna High-noqnoqoshada Chernobyl "Arc" lahaa dherer ah 250 m iyo 100 m ee height. On the maps of dhererkiisu waa 230 m.
• antenna-noqnoqoshada Low :. Dhererka of daqal 135 ilaa 150 m, oo dhererkeedu wuxuu - 300 illaa 500 m The maps oo dhererkiisu yahay 460 m.

Iyada oo xuduudaheedu waa kuwan, design waa la arki karo ka dhowaad meel kasta oo meesha ka saarida Chernobyl. saldhiga u dhow waxaa ku yaalla obliquely ionospheric-laabto "Circle," taas oo ah kaabayaal ah Duga, iyo guud ahaan xogta hadda on marinka ee hirarka raadiyaha, ay awoodaan in ay iyaga ka mid ah u guurto, inta jeer ee doorashada qiyaasta fiicnayn.

Chernobyl "Arc" radar loogu tala galay oo kaliya si aad u hesho calaamadaha. xarunta Broadcasting waxaa uu ku yaalaa meel u dhow tuulada Rassudovo 60 km ka Chernobyl-2 u dhow magaalada (gobolka Chernihiv) Ljubech. anteenooyinkooda gudbinta waxaa sidoo kale ka dhigay on mabda'a antenna isugu soo joojinayaa oo ay leeyihiin dhinacyada ka yar, ay height wuxuu u dhigmaa 85 m / B h, sida ay E. Shevchenko, waxaa la kala diri ee 1988 sano ..

xiritaanka oo dhamaystiran Chernobyl-2 Magaalooyinka kaabayaasha lama si deg deg ah ku qaadeen, shaqada la joojiyay ilaa 1987. Laakiin waxa ugu dhakhsaha badan caddaatay in shuruudaha diidniintayda ah waa wax aan macquul aheyn in ay ku shaqeeyaan aaga. Duga unugyada aasaasiga ah ayaa la burburiyey iyo saaro.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

height ee Chernobyl "Dougie" ka xoogbadan kasta. On arrintan filimka Woodpecker Ruush ayaa la duubay 2015, kaasoo ah iid filimka ugu fiican documentary shisheeye "Sundance" waxaa la guddoonsiiyey xeerbeegtida grand.

Waayo, codka caadiga ah ee ether (soo saaray markii dhaawac ah), "Doug," waxay bilaabeen inay soo wac Ruush Woodpecker ( "Woodpecker Ruush").

"Woodpecker Ruush"

Sidaas, aad ogtahay in height ee Chernobyl "Dougie" waxay ahayd weyn. daayaa electromagnetic First of shay this bilaabay in 1976, 4-tii July. Waxay ku xadgudbaan caalamka ee kala duwan radio of 3 ilaa 30 MHz. Digir qaybiyey dura hal-tobnaad ee labaad ah. diiwaangelinta Signal lagu qaaday ma aha oo kaliya qalab gaar ah uu maqlay in transistor fudud sida a birqaya reebtay.

In wadamo badan oo caalamka ah oo ku saabsan "Woodpecker Ruush" ku soo Daadinay kun oo cabashooyin ka shaqeeya radio hiwaayadda caadiga ah iyo shirkadaha. Tan iyo markii ay "Arc" garaacayna mawjadaha in ka yar ilaalinta heshiisyada caalamiga ah isticmaalka rayidka ahaayeen, mas'uuliyiinta US, Canada iyo Ingiriiska ayaa ku dhawaaqay Midowga Soofiyeeti caddeeyey. Laakiin Midowga Soofiyeeti ma xitaa in ay aqbalaan, "Woodpecker" jiraye.

World Association of amateurs radio xataa isku dayeen in ay jebin ah "Woodpecker Ruush" by isku dayaya in ay baahin Sabuul qaab ee ka soo horjeeda oo ku saabsan inta jeer ee la mid ah in ay transistor woodpecker carqalad USSR ah. Oo weliba isku day tani ma aha mid lagu guulaystay.

On ballan dadka "Woodpecker Ruush" bilaabeen inay fikrado kala duwan. Sidaas daraaddeed, xitaa saraakiisha sar sare ayaa loo arkaa aragtida maanka gacanta. Mid ka mid ah khubarada ee Wasaaradda Difaaca ayaa sheegay in signal "woodpecker Ruush" waa isha ugu awooda badan ee shucaaca electromagnetic in waa abuuray by nin. Waxa uu ku tilmaamay in ay il this ee maskaxda, tan waxa ay leedahay 40 million watts iyo 10 karsado per labaad. Waxa uu jecel yahay xaqiiqda ah in tamarta tani waxaa la radiated ka Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo bayd wax walba oo dalka Mareykanka ah. Shtatovskih Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka baaritaan qaadeen 1988 iyo, in dhamaadka, ka helay ujeedada dhabta ah ee ka 'ARC'.

waxbarasho

Saamaynta kale ee suurto galka ah ee shaqada "woodpecker Ruush" by isbeddel ah ee cimilada ay u saameyn musiibo on miyir ee tacsida ayaa waxay si firfircoon bartay hay'adaha sirdoonka reer galbeedka, si dhab ah falanqeeyo ah "ARC" sida USSR hub imtixaanka. mala Kuwan waxaa si fiican u aasaasay, sida horay loo falanqeeyay in noocyo kala duwan oo saamayn xoog badan shucaac magnetoelectric sanado badan.

Tusaale ahaan, saynisyahan a Tesla qarnigii hore tijaabiyay wirelessly diraya korontada, ay sabab u tahay taas oo korontada la carqaladeeyey iyo boqolaal ka mid ah dabka kaynta ka dhacay ay sabab u tahay onkod a. In "Spekyula" data magazine baadhitaan lagu soo daabacay in lagu ogaaday in qaar ka mid ah calaamadaha magneto inta jeer ee loo gudbin karo dhulka iyada oo loo marayo.

Cabaar galay ay dusha xagal 30 digrii, waxay si qoto dheer ee hirarka taagan foomka dhulka in loo sameeyay ay hirarku timaada by xudunta cas-kulul ee caalamka waa. Taas darteed u muuqan kara duufaanada Hawada iyo dhulgariir.

Sida ay sheegayaan wararka, Norway ku adkeeyey oo ah idaacad awood badan, shucaaca magnetoelectric oo keeni karo in ay ifafaale Fansaarada ionosphere in caqabad hawlgalka caadiga ah ee qanjidhada ah "Dougie."

Dhinac kale oo cilmi-baaris ayaa shayga of seenyaalaha baahinta oo saamayn ku soo gunaanadeen aadanaha.

Gudigga

Dhismaha saldhigga u dhow warshadda Chernobyl awoodda nuclear sharaxayaa iyada content tamarta cajiib ah. Xogta laga helay "Chernobyl-2" si joogto ah ugu Raaxaynay saldhigga amarka, halka dagaalka ka dhawrsada wax buuxa weligiisba sii: Doorman u istaagaan iyo shaqeeyeen saacad kasta. Oo ay ku jiraan khubaro iyo cilmi.

On goobta ee dab 1990-dhacay, sababta oo ah waxa saldhig joojisay shaqada ee nidaamka hore ee digniinta.

Natiijada baaritaanka koowaad ee saldhigga Chernobyl ee dhinaca waddooyinka garaaca-waqooyiga waxay ahaayeen guuleysan. Sababo la xiriira joogitaanka ee u saftay kala horjeeda, rogo rabshooyin ionospheric iyo xaaladaha kale ee loo kasin gobollada kala horjeeda oo kala horjeeda ee jaaniska lagu ogaan karo furayey gantaal uu ahaa mid aad u yar. In xiriir this, Guntin ah "Ljubech-1" Ku noqo su'alaha. On waxaa lagu fuliyay waxa loogu yeero haraynayo barnaamijka "kala horjeeda". Horumarinta ayaa ku dooday in dhameystir shaqeeyaan natiijada ahaayeen wanaagsan.

By habka, kombiyuutarka ururka lahaa cipher 1S31G. Computer K-340A for baaraandegidda signalka soo saaray qaybaha Discrete. qalabka Gudbinta loogu talagalay dhirta mashiinka-dhisidda ee Dnipropetrovsk, oo ka koobnayd 26 idaacadood, size ee mid kasta oo taas oo ahayd gurigiisa laba dabaq ah.

film

Waxaan hore u soo sheegnay kor ku xusan in la sameeyay oo ku saabsan Chernobyl "Doug" Doc. film. film cajiib ah "Woodpecker Ruush" hibeeyeen ilaa ay baaritaanka kale oo shil Chernobyl ee, kaas oo ka dhacay 1986, on 26 April. Its agaasimaha waa Chad Gracia American. furmi ee artist rinjiyeynta ka Fedor Aleksandrovich, falanqeeyo nidaamka keligii ah Soviet, waxay cadeyneysaa in shil this ma ahaa shil.

macluumaad waxtar leh in filimka badan - iyo sidoo kale, mid ka mid ah la wareystay ayaa sheegay in si aad u sameysato shil Chernobyl ee waayeen cid ka daraasiin shaqaalaha ka mid ah siyaabaha kala duwan ee.