Waa maxay humanism waxgarashada oo ka mid ah nimankii xigmadda qadiimiga ah iyo faylosuufiinta ee Renaissance ah

Humanism - nooc gaar ah ee aragti falsafadeed, kaas oo ku salaysan yahay fikradda ah qiyamka insaanka ugu sarreeya; Faylasuuf iyo qofka aadanaha bani - xarunta dunida, qiyaastii waxyaalahan oo dhan, taajkii uunka Ilaah.

Humanism in falsafada uu bilaabo inuu qaab qaataan Qarniyadii hore, ay qeexidda ugu horeysay aan ka heli in shuqullada Aristotle iyo Democritus.

Humanism dhaqanka qadiimiga ah

Waa maxay humanism waxgarashada oo ka mid ah nimankii hore? In xukunka faylosuufiinta of Qarniyadii hore - taasi waa heerka ugu sareeya ee horumarka iyo barwaaqada ah qaababka ugu fiican iyo kartidooda. Laakiin qofku waa in ku dadaalaan is-xaqiijinta, is-waxbarasho; qofka waa in habboonaanta, anshax iyo rata kaamil ah.

In qarniyadii dhexe fikradda ah humanism-haynteedu, ayaa hadhaysay by aragtiyaha-xumida leh ee qaribaadii diinta, mortification dabiiciga ah wixii hawadooda aadanaha iyo baahida. The wanaagga ugu weyn ayaa loo arkaa kuwa soo socda: is-xakameeyaan, Khashuue ah, xukunka of Dambi asalka ah ee aadanaha. Fikrado iyo aragtiyo falsafada wakhtiyadii hore ayaa la illoobi, ee ah faylosuufiinta ee qadiimiga ah Greece iyo Rome ayaa lagu sheegay in dadka aan Yuhuudda ahayn kuwa Baadida ah.

Renaissance humanism

Interest in dhaxalkooda Qarniyadii dareemi xoojiyeen keliya inta lagu jiro Renaissance ah. Saamaynta ay ku kaniisadda on bulshada si weyn hoos u dhacay, sayniska iyo farshaxanka dayn inay noqon a la sifaynayo fiqi ahaaneed, waxaa jiray free, neteologicheskie aragtiyaha falsafada iyo waxbaristiisa. Ilaalinta, qoondaynta iyo daraasadda of shuqullada faylosuufiinta iyo culimada of Qarniyadii hore ahaa hawsha ugu muhiimsan ee humanists ee jeer casriga ah. Qasab iyaga u ahaa daraasadda luqadaha qadiimiga ah - Latin iyo Greek Baydka Horeeyey.

xaqiijinta faylosuufiinta Renaissance, in uu yahay humanism muuqday share asalnimada iyo aqoonsiga. Renaissance humanism hanti ah oo gaar ah. Waxay ahayd waqti in ay aqoonsato ku jiray oo dhan muhiimadda ay leedahay aadanaha; qiimaha universal (fiiro iyo ixtiraam dareenka iyo baahida nin, naxariistay, damqasho) ahaayeen oo aan ka yarayn muhiim ah ka badan, tusaale ahaan, diinta, shuruudaha loogu dhaqmayo diinta iyo dhaqanka.

The asal ahaan of Renaissance humanism soo jireenka ah ee shuqulladiisa oo shuqullada farshaxanka ee Talyaaniga weyn sayniska - Dante Alighieri iyo Francesco Petrarca. Sababo la xiriira jawiga guud ee xoriyadda, cibaadada quruxda, soo jiidashada noocyo cusub ee farshaxanka, waxaa suurto gal ahayd jiritaanka arrin weyn - muddo gaaban ah Renaissance Sare (1500-1530). Waxay ahayd waqti this ee Sweden ee Renaissance ah (Rafael Santi, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo) la abuuray shuqullada weyn tahay.

Waqti ka, humanism Renaissance ku faafay gobollada waqooyiga ee Europe. Waa in la ogaadaa in Northern Renaissance ah, ka duwan Talyaani ah, waxay ahayd dhow xeerkii diinta. Fikradda asaasiga ah oo ka mid ah humanists Christian - horumar ah ee aadanaha sida xaalad aasaasiga ah ee badbaadada. Waxaan u falanqeeyaan waa maxay humanism waxgarashada ee falsafada diinta. Kaliya by socda amarrada Ilaah, xusayaan oo dhan looga baahan yahay diinta iyo buugaagta xurmada leh, qofka la daahirinayo laga yaabaa, u dhaw in ay ku hadafyada wanaagga, quruxda, wada noolaanshaha. Tani waa inta badan si cad u fikradda ah humanism theistic isu muujiyey in shuqullada of Erasmus, Willibald Pirckheimer.

Wuxuu ugu jawaabay su'aasha ku saabsan waxa humanism, iyo siin casriga ah culimada-faylosuufiinta. xeerkii Renaissance humanism weli ma gacanta ay ku falsafada casriga ah ee Western Europe. CAQIIDADA ee xoogga nin, omnipotence jaceylka cabsadaan, omnipotence shakhsiga, aaminsan mustaqbil in suurtagalnimada ee bulshada hagaajinta - waxan oo dhan ayaa ka dhigaysa aadanaha koorsada ugu horumar iyo wax soo saar ee falsafada casriga ah.