Waa maxay "marti wasiir"?

Waxaa ilmaha sida ee ciyaarta, waxa la yidhaahdaa waa marti. Ka qeyb waxa ku jira oo iyana in ay ku boodaan iyada oo wada-hawlgalayaasha ay boos laaban taagan. Taasi oo ku saabsan raadinaya golaha wasiirrada xukuumadda Saarka sannadihii la soo dhaafay ka hor inta Kacaanka. Ha leedahay waqti, Wasiirka cusub ee loo magacaabay qaatay booska ugu sareeya ee madaxda rasmiga ah sidii si degdeg ah ugu hooseysa isaga qudhiisa ku helay, taas oo waddada u uu.

Xaaladan oo ah weedh qabsado cusub

hadal qoraal ah "marti wasiir", oo caynkiisa noqday oo xaqiijisatay muddo gaar ah ee taariikhda Saarka - a tiradaasi siyaasadeed caan ah ee bilowgii qarnigii XX ah, iyo monarchist Boqolaal Black Vladimir Mitrofanovich Purishkevich. Taasi waxa ay uu ku tilmaamay in hadalka uu dhigay kulan ee Duma ee Gobolka, ee isbedel joogta ah wasiirada iyo permutation joogto ah oo ka mid ah waaxda in kale.

"Marti Wasiir? Waa maxay waxaasi "-? Weydiisan kartaa at khasaaro ah oo kaliya saffarro, ma garanaynin arrimaha taariikhda, laakiin markhaati ka Zaman isla markiiba fahmay waxa meesha ka socda, maxaa yeelay, sida hadal af Vladimir Mitrofanovich sabab kasta oo ay ku. In ka badan muddo labo sanno ah ka 1915 si ay u 1916 afar jeer waxaan ahaa guddoomiyaha Golaha Wasiirrada, Wasiirka saddex War iyo lix jeer - madaxa Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha. Isku-shaandhaynta ayaa wasiir ayaa curyaan shaqo ee xafiisyada oo dhan. Booskiisa wiiqay by dagaal oo ka dillaacay of carada bulshada, iyo in xarunta iyo dhulka ku ahaayeen ugu dambeyntii hoos.

Isku-shaandhaynta ayaa wasiir - Sababaha iyo calaamadaha

Sanadihii kuwa xoogga wayn, kuwaas ma doonayaan in ay raadiyaan habab in ay iskaashi la mucaaradka iyo waqti isku mid ah ma dhicin in ay joojiyaan iyada tallaabo, si degdeg ah laga badiyay kalsoonida. xaaladda noocan oo kale ah uu ahaa natiijo ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka siyaasadeed iyo bulsho ah oo qoto dheer, waxaa loo qoondeeyey in Russia horrantii qarnigii XX oo gaadhay dhibic ugu sareeya intii lagu jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka.

Mid ka mid ah daliilka dhibaatooyinka uu noqday arrin, waxaa hoos ugu tegey, sida "Rasputin" taariikhda. Wasiirka marti ku darina waa kan ugu wada khuseeya. meeshaas magaceediina waxaa loo helay magaca muuqday 1907 ee St. Petersburg, "oday quduuska ah" iyo "nebi" Grigoriya Efimovicha Rasputina. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in "Ninkii duqa" wakhtigaas ahaa oo kali ah laba iyo afartan sannadood, wuxuuna ku guulaysteen in ay awoodda in muddo gaaban si ay u soo galaan xarunta madaxtooyada oo ay noqoto mid ka mid ah dadka ugu dhow qoyska boqortooyada.

"Gray Cardinal" la Gorokhovaya Street

Nugul mysticism diinta Empress Alexandra Fedorovna iyo Nicholas II qudhiisa si deg deg ah ku sarkhaansan yihiin Rasputin, kuwaas oo u awoodin inuu iyaga ka dhaadhiciyo in salaadda ay ku dhacday, ma aha oo kaliya uu soo celin karo caafimaadka kii dhaxalka lahaa oonad carshiga, laakiin sidoo kale si aad u weydiiso Ilaah ee boqortooyadiisa oo dhan hadda. Tani waxay u ogalaatay inuu si firfircoon uga saamayn ku ansaxiyo go'aamada madax ugu muhiimsan, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa la xiriira siyaasadda shaqaalaha, oo ay noqoto nooc ka mid ah "jiifoo cirro".

Rasputin deegaanka magaalomadaxda

Xaaladahan oo kale ma ay gaabis ah in ay ka faa'idaystaan saarka ugu garaacid kala duwan iyo heerarka. Waxay ka agagaarka guriga dalka waddada Gorokhovaya ah, halkaas oo ay sanadihii la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa Rasputin kiro guri ah, awelna loola, iyo halka ay ku bilaabay oo dhan "marti wasiir". Ka mid ah kuwa oo magacyadoodiina waa shaqaalo qarsoon booliska ku xusan liiska, waa marti noqnoqda "oday" tiradaasi yaqaan gelin sannadahaas, wakiillo ka kala gato saamiyada iyo wareegyada bangiyada, siyaasiyiinta socodnimo, Boqolaal Black caan ah oo kaliya-adventurers sare.

Falimaha Rasuullada "oday" iyo wefdigiisa

In dabagalka gool, hadayana jirin iyaga u gaar ah, dadkaas oo dhan isticmaali Rasputin sida dhex-dhexaadin ah oo iyaga iyo qoyska boqortooyada u dhaxaysa, sidaas gaaro meelaha la doonayo, iyo qaadashada go'aanada kale wanaagsan iyaga. Oo isagu wuxuu dhex bedelka ah ee qaar ka mid ah wasiirada kale ee socday, iyo sidoo kale in arrimaha shaqaalaha ka qabtaan dhammaan heerarka kala duwan ee hay'adaha dawladda. "Marti Wasiir", muddada taas oo xadidan ee 1915-1916., Kaliya caaradda ifafaale buur baraf ah, u furan indhaha malaayiin ahaa.

qiyaasta dhabta ah ee camal fadhisay in "oday quduuska ah" iyo wefdigiisa, ayaa ahaa wax badan ka sii ballaadhan. Rogo iyaga on Saarra ee xasillooni kacday in waaxaha badan oo ay noqoto sababta xoojinta xiisadda dhaqaale ee dalka, cilmi badan ayaa aaminsan in ay tahay madax ugu foororiyeen Rasputin ee 1915 in ay qaataan jagada taliyaha guud, taas oo uu leeyahay saamayn dhaawici on koorsada ee colaadaha.

dhagarta badbaadinta boqortooyada

"Marti Wasiir" dhameeyay bishii February 1917, markii ka dib markii kacaanka ganacsade ka gooyo lagu qasbay inuu tagayno. Laakiin xitaa ka hor, inta lagu guda jiro oo dhan 1916 ee caasimadda ah ee wareegyada monarchist hagaagaan shirqool ka dhan ah Rasputin. Goolkiisii ahayd in Nicholas II ka saamaynta kalliftey of the "oday" badbaadin iyo in laga hortago burburkii -Raaxaysta- ee Russia.

At madaxa shirqoolkii ahaayeen monarchists caan ah sida Dmitri Grand Duke ee Pavlovich, Prince Yusupov, iyo ku-xigeenka Gobolka Duma F. Purishkevich - mid la mid ah in wareegga galay muujinta "marti wasiir". Qorshihiisa ku guuldareystay inuu fulinayo Habeenka December 17, 1916. Sanco dagay Rasputin in qaybta hoose ee Palace Yusupov ah, diinta marmarsiinyo ee gudaha u yar yihiin laakiin xarrago leh, ay ka go'an dilka.

dab iyo biyo Posthumous

Si loo daboolo ilaa dambiga, meydka ah "oday" waxaa ku Maanshaynay ka Yar Nevka dhow Yelagin buundada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, falalka ay ay ugu dhakhsaha badan u tegi doonaa dadweynaha. jirka Rasputin ayaa laga saaray biyaha iyo aasay Tsarskoe Selo ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen dhammaan qoyska reer boqor. Laakiin laba bilood kadib, amarada ee soo socda, Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka ah, hadhaagii ayaa la exhumed iyo gubay qolka kuleyliyaha I of Institute Polytechnic ah. Waxaan sameeyey this si looga hortago in suurtagalnimada ee Xajka ah in qabriga uu xiiseyneysay hore.

xanuunsan ee boqortooyadiisa weyn

In gocasho, mid si cad u soo gunaanadi karo, in "marti wasiir" calaamad u muddada, taas oo ahayd xanuunsan ee gobolka a sakaraadaysay. Burburto ma aha oo kaliya huriye iyo leheyn qarnigii ay XX boqortooyada - dhacayay gooni hore ee nidaamka, wiiqay gudaha musuqmaasuqa taas oo horseeday in xoogga dadka, dageen meel khasnadda ka ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale awoodi karin wax kasta oo maamulka qumman ee dalka.

Yaacaya xoog, Bolsheviks ay yihiin kuwo aan ka raagay in ay ka faa'iidaystaan indho la'aan xagga ruuxa wax garad hanuunin moral dadka. In Russia wakhtigaas, waxay heleen dhul rays ay anti-Christian, oo dhab ahaantii, anti-insaanka iyo anti-insaanka dacaayad. caddayn Historical guuleeysteen sheegaya in "qarsoon" oo ay guul siyaasadeed been in xaqiiqda ah in Bolsheviks ma u leeyihiin in ay la nidaamka dawliga ah ula dagaalamaan, ayaa awood u leh inay iyaga hortago. Waqtigaas, dalka ugu weyn dunida oo ahaa rajo xanuunsan oo ay baylah u haystaa sacab muggiis oo adventurers siyaasadeed.

Mid ka mid ah daliilka dibadda ah iyada cudur oo noqday caan ah "Rasputin". Tani waxay ifafaale ceeb si qeexan waxyeelleeyey sida xoogga ah temporal iyo wadaado ah. Nasiib darro, tani ifafaale waa goor dambe si aad u hesho qiimaysay ku habboon oo ka mid ah fikradaha horumar ee bulshada Ruush. Sidaas darteed, ku gabbado ee moolkeeda tacsida ciidamada burbur mugdi ah laga helay hab baxay oo loo qoondeeyay lacag la'aan ah, oo wuxuuna rogay dowladda iyo Kaniisadda, iyo intelligentsia aad u.