War Livonian 1558-1583 sano ayaa noqotay mid ka mid ah ololaha ugu muhiimsan ee times of Ivana Groznogo. Oo dhan ee qarnigii XVI ka, laga yaabee.
War Livonian: kooban ayaa goobta
Ka dib markii Tsar Muscovite weyn ahaa awoodaan in ay ka adkaan Kazan iyo Jaaket Khanate, Ivan IV noqdeen dalalkii Baltic iyo badda bari uu dareenka. Qabsashada oo ka mid ah dhulalka waayo, boqortooyadii Moscow ka dhigan tahay fursado rajo ganacsiga ee Östersjön. Isla mar ahaantaa, waxaa hore u degeen baayacmushtariga oo Jarmal iyo Order Livonian ku ahaa mid aad u khasaari in ay oggolaadaan in tartamayaal cusub ee gobolka. Xallinta is burinaya kuwaas, oo ahaa in uu noqdo War Livonian ah. Xusuuso Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee waa in la sameeyaa oo ku saabsan sababta rasmiga ah waxaa loogu talagalay. Oo waxay u adeegeen sidii-bixinta aan gabbarada by Order Livonian ah, taas oo ah Bishopric of Dorpat waxaa waajib ku ah inay bixiso ay guushu ku Moscow si waafaqsan heshiiska ee 1554. Si rasmi ah, ka go'dayna waxay this jiray tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii XVI ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku dhaqanka ku saabsan muddo dheer ka mid ma xusuusan. Oo keliya xaalad xumeyd ee xiriirka u dhexeeya labada dhinac, Ivan Grozny isticmaalo xaqiiqda sida xaq ah duulaanka Ruush galay badda bari.
War Livonian: kooban oo ku saabsan Dhabahaan buu colaadda
Ciidamada Ruush bilaabay duulaankii ee Livonia ee 1558. Wejiga kowaad ee isku dhaca, kaas oo socday ilaa 1561, ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey burburiyo guuldaradii Amarka Livonian. Ciidamada oo ka mid ah dhinaca Oromada Tsar Moscow ku dhex Livonia bariga iyo bartamaha. Dorpat iyo Riga qaaday. In 1559, dhinacyada saxiixay heshiis xabbad joojin ah oo muddo lix bilood ah, kaas oo ahaa in ay horumariyaan galay heshiis ah oo ku saabsan shuruudaha of vassalage Amarka Livonian ka Russia. Laakiin si ay u caawiyaan Knights Jarmal ku degdegay inuu Boqorka Poland iyo Sweden. Korol Sigizmund II dhaqdhaqaaq diblomaasiyadeed ahaa awoodaan in ay qaataan amarka ay maxmiyad u gaar ah. Iyo shuruudaha heshiiska Vilna Livonian Order dayn inay ka jiraan bishii November 1561. Dhulkeeda kala Lithuania iyo Poland. Haddaba Ivanu Groznomu lahaa in ay waajahaan mar saddex xafiiltamaan ee awoodda badan: Duchy of Lithuania, boqortooyada Poland iyo Sweden. Iyadoo dambaysta ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka Tsar ee Muscovy si deg deg ah nabadda in muddo ah ka dhigi kara. In sano ee 1562-63 bilaabmaa xilli baaxad weyn labaad ee badda bari. Dhacdooyinka Livonian War, xilligan la joogo, wuxuu sii waday inuu si fiican u yeeshaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ee 1560s bartamihii in xiriirka xadka u dhexeeya cadaadis Ivanom Groznym iyo boyars doortay faraxsan. Xaaladda waxaa sii sahlay sabab u goosashadii of mid ka mid ah oo shurako ah ugu dhow ee amiirka Andreya Kurbskogo in Lithuania iyo Caasinimadooda in cadowgu ku (sababta keentay in sharaf leh, waxay ahayd kaligiitalinimo sii kordhaysa ee kibir Moscow iyo xadgudub ka mid ah xoriyada qadiimiga ah ee ku abtirsan). Dhacdadaas ka dib, Ivan Grozny ugu danbeyn ka sii qallafsanaaday, maxaa yeelay, isaga ku wareegsan noqonin Khaa'in u adag. La siman tan ku dhacdo, iyo guul hore, taas oo sharraxaad ka Prince of cadawga gudaha. In 1569, Lithuania iyo Poland midoobeen galaan xaalad ah hal Waxay xoojisaa awoodda ay. In dabayaaqadii 1560 ee - horraantii 70 ee ciidamada Ruush ku xanuunsado taxane ah oo guul iyo xitaa lumin ah Guryahoodu wax yar. Iyadoo dagaal 1579 ee Grand Duchy ee Moscow , waxaa hore u qaatay ka badan daafac ee dabiiciga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1579 cadowga la qabtay Polotsk, in 1580th ah - Great Bow, ee 1582kii, sii hareereeyo dheer Pskov. Waxaa iska cad in saxiixa oo ka mid ah nabadda iyo la sugi dawladda ka dib labaatan sano oo olole militari.
War Livonian: kooban oo ku saabsan cawaaqibka
Dagaalka dhammaaday saxiixa aad u allifey oo loogu talagalay truces Moscow Plyusskogo iyo badda Zapolskoho. Helitaanka ee badda bari aan la helay. Halkii, Duke helay daalan oo dalka shaaca ahayd meel aad u adag. Cawaaqib xumada of War Livonian dedejinta dhibaatooyinka gudaha taas oo horseeday in ay dhibaatooyin badan laga bilaabo qarnigii XVI ka.