Cross imtixaanka

cross Test - a cross-taranta shaqsiyaadka hybrid la analyzer gaar ah. Sida analyzer xushay shaqsi homozygous, kuwaas oo sifo recessive ka muuqatay phenotype ah. cross Test si weyn loo isticmaalaa in taranta dhirta iyo genetics si loo ogaado genotype ah.

Sida la og yahay, sida uu qabo sharciga ee genetics, iyadoo sifo ay recessive cross monohybrid ma dhici karto in jiilka ugu horeeya. In jiilka labaad, wuxuu u muuqataa kaliya hal lix iyo shaqsiyaadka. sifo Recessive waxa lagu kaydiyaa genotype ee jiilka koowaad ee shakhsiyaadka, laakiin ma aha mid dibadda ku tusin. Sayidka, jiilka shaqsiga ugu horeysay isagoo genotype a recessive, phenotype kama duwana tijaabooyinka monohybrid waayo sifo a xukuma. cross Test ujeedadiisu tahay si aad u hesho warbixin ku saabsan joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha of sifo a recessive in genotype ah.

Ka fikir hab ay of go'aaminta genotype ee u duulaysa oo cawl shaqsi. midabka Gray waa sifo a adag ee la xiriirta midab madow ee jirka cayayaan ee. Nin cilmiga nafleyda barta gudbo Daqsi cirradayda madow iyo qiimeysaa farcankii keentay. Haddii dadka oo dhan waxay leeyihiin midab cawl, ka dibna bartay Daqsi ahayd oo keliya adag genotype ah. Haddii nus ka mid ah dukhsiga keentay leeyihiin midab madow, waxaa suurtagal ah in xawilaan joogitaanka sifo a recessive.

Iyadoo Lagaga dhamaystirnayn oo genotype kasta u dhiganta ay phenotype. Si loo go'aamiyo haddii wax lagu arkay shakhsiyaadka saxiixa natiijada Lagaga dhamaystirnayn ama calaamad is hoos hiddo dhigay, waxa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u qabtaan cross imtixaanka. Haddii sifo su'aasha waa natiijada Lagaga dhamaystirnayn, markaas waxaa jiri doona dheeraad ah oo uu "wareer" la analyzer ah sifo recessive. Haddii tag ahaa madax banaan, waxaa loo gudbin doonaa beddelin shaqsiyaadka oo dhan, haddii tijaabada baaritaanka waa homozygous, ama shaqsiyaadka qaar ka mid ah, haddii ay tahay heterozygous. Tusaale ahaan, haddii isgoyska of ubax casaan iyo caddaan siiyo casaan khafiif ah, waxaa jira Lagaga dhamaystirnayn. Haddii oo dhan Beelaha amarka kowaad ubax casaan, ka dibna habkaani waa lagu daro in allele sida madax-bannaan oo xukuma in ka badan cad. Xaaladdan oo kale, qofka waxaa homozygous baaritaan. Haddii qayb ka mid ah Beelaha ka dhaxlay midab casaan ah Tent ah, iyo qayb ka mid ah oo kale la isugu gudbiyo caddaan, casaan waa calaamad ka mid ah madax-bannaan, xukuma, shaqsi ahaan baaritaan xanbaarsan genotype ee labada calaamadaha.

In dhaqanka, si loo ogaado genotype ma aha had iyo jeer ku filan si ay u sameeyaan baaritaan cross. Tusaale dhacaya gudahood category ee ka reeban yaabaa in loogu sharaxo sida mid ka mid ah saddex siyaabood dhexgalka nonallelic hiddo: epistasis, polymers ama complementarity.

Marka muujinta epistasis laba ka mid allelic ah hiddo-hiddo-cadaadisay ka baxsan labada ciyaaryahan allelic kale. Suppressors qaadi karaan sifo labada xukuma iyo recessive. Sidaas darteed of epistasis ee isgoyska of shaqsiyaadka homozygous oo ubax casaan (adag) iyo shakhsiyaadka homozygous ubax cad (sifo recessive) qarniga koowaad ee Beelaha kaliya dhirtu doono la ubax casaan, iyo labaad - 3/4 Beelaha yeelan doonaan midabka cas, 3 / 16 - caddaan iyo 1/16 dhaxlaan yeelaan alleles kale (tus, jaalle ah).

Tusaalaha soo socda waa in aan u sharaxno falalka ifafaale ee polymer. Ubax ka kooban dhowr alleles heterozygous calaamadaha cas (adag) oo cad (recessive) midabada Tent sita. The Beelaha ka badan oo jiilka labaad ee shakhsiyaadka recessive, ubaxa caddaan doonaa. In joogitaanka alleles shaqsi sida sifo a xukuma leh, ama aan lahayn, sida muuqata arkay wax u dhexeeya calaamadahaan. In la go'aaminayo genotype ee xagga iskutallaabta imtixaanka polymer waa si fudud wareersan la Lagaga dhamaystirnayn.

Marka complementarity hiddo nonallelic kasta oo kale oo kaabaya oo gacan ka caawin sameeyaan sifo cusub.