Kacdoonkii - waxa uu yahay waxan?

Kacdoonkii bilaabay on a galabta kulul. About shan SFIga oo gelinka dambe August 18, 1991 iridda dacha dowladda ee Foros on xeebta Badda Madow ee Crimea, halkaasoo vacationing Madaxweynaha oo ka mid ah Midowga reer Jamhuuriyadaha Socialist Soviet, yimid Mikhail Gorbachev shan madow "Volga". No iyagu ma filan, oo markii hore askartii u furi weyday irdaha iyo saaro silsiladda leh Sabuul jiifay daafaha wadada.

Shayga "Dawn"

Markaas ka gaari ugu horeysay ee uu ka tagay General Yuri Plekhanov, madaxa Ninth Agaasinka ee KGB ah. Waxa uu ahaa mas'uul ka ah adeegga ammaanka ee KGB ah oo ahaa kormeeraha dhawraa Gorbachev. Waqtigan xaadirka ah isla irdaha birta dheer oo doog ah, lagu qurxiyey xiddigo badan oo cas, furay. In ka badan dhowr daqiiqo xiga ee baabuurta ilaa wadada serpentine dhex dhirta berooshka ah in dhismaha la taaban karo oo leh code-magacaabay "wax" Dawn ah "."

Gorbachev, sida uu dambe baaritaan ku sheegay, Marna ma fileynin kooxda martida - shan sarkaal oo sare oo ka mid ah KGB, iyo ciidanka iyo saraakiisha sare ee xisbiga shuuciga ah, iyo sidoo kale ilaaladiisa ay. soo gaaray telefoonka ah u yeedho madaxa KGB, Vladimir Kryuchkov. Laakiin line waa la gooyay. Markaasuu wuxuu u yeedhay madax ammaanka uu General Vladimir Medvedev, kuwaas oo uu sheegay in uu si deg deg ah loo aqoonsan yahay ee "Khrushchev" doorasho. Hoggaamiyihii hore ee Soviet Nikita Khrushchev ee 1964, waxaa xilka looga riday afgambi intii uu fasax on Badda Madow.

Laga bilaabo dhammaadka

In ka badan 73 saacadood ee soo socota, laba sarkaal oo ka tirsan Soviet diriray xaq u leeyahay inuu taariikh ka dhiga. Wafdiga, oo soo gaaray magaalada Foros, Kryuchkov waxaa loo diray in uu ka dhaadhiciyo Gorbachev ilaa dhinaca reer sideed hoggaamiyayaasha xisbiyada iyo Guud, la aasaasay Guddiga State Emergency (Guddiga Emergency), kuwaas oo xubno ka ahaayeen si ay ula wareegaan gacanta ku meel gaar ah in ka badan Midowga Soofiyeeti. Kacdoonkii waxaa fuliyey, maxaa yeelay, laba maalmood ka dib, August 20, Madaxweyne ku lahaa inuu lasoo saxiixdo heshiis cusub oo isbahaysi, taas oo u soo jeestay Midowga Soofiyeeti galay midow ah. Qaar badan oo ka baqay in ay taasi keeni doontaa in burburkii daraasiin dalka ee gobolada madax banaan. Ujeedada afgambi ahaa in uu ka dhaadhiciyo Gorbachev sheego xaalad degdeg ah oo dib loo dhigo saxiixa heshiiska.

Afgambi gaadhay saamayn ka soo horjeeda. Abuuritaanka inqilaabkii xoogaystay ma aha oo kaliya Midowga Soofiyeeti, ayaa la siiyaa Borisu Eltsinu, madaxweynaha cusub ee la doortay oo ka mid ah RSFSR, awood aan xad lahayn. rjooga shuuciga ah ayaa la mamnuucay ka socda dalka. Isku dayga in la badbaadiyo Midowga Soofiyeeti, madaxda inqilaabkii ugu dambeyntii tumay jago ka dhex qalbigiisa. Afar bilood ka dib, Midowga Soofiyeeti dayn inay ka jiraan.

Laakiin waxa dhacay intii saddex maalmood daran ee August, xataa maanta, weli ma cadda. In kasta oo labaatan sano oo falanqaynta: 140 Muga dukumentiyada, saddex baaritaano, sagaal markab iyo daraasiin markhaatifurkaaga shakhsi daabacay - sheekada ka buuxa inqilaabkii joogto xasishay Cododku Eebaha up.

Sababaha inqilaabkii

Faqa ku dhowaad by qeexidda, aan la fahmi karaa. Laakiin badan, sida Watergate, ugu danbeyn soo baxeen. Dooni shirqoolkii waayeelka dembiyadeenna qiranno ay, furitaanka archives qarsoodi ah oo ay ka imanayaan xukuumadaha siyaasadeed ee cusub baray in runta ugu dambeyntii soo baxay.

Waayo, qaar ka mid ah, failure ee inqilaabkii - waa liibaanta dimuqraadiyadda badan ciidamada cadaanyo, dadka kadago ah. Tani waa dhacdo muhiim ah oo degdeg ah ee 1991, taas oo la 1789 iyo 1917, wakhtiga kala guurka ah ka dhaqanka keligii talisnimada si dimuqraadiyad deeqsi ah marka la barbar dhigo. Guddiga gurmadka degdegga ah - isku dhaceen laba nidaamyada, mid ka mid ah ku guuleystay. Sida Yeltsin ka dib ayaa sheegay, ka cabsada qarnigii dhamaaday oo kale ah bilaabay. Astaanta of dibna naxdintii ugu noqday sawir isaga ah - taagan hoos qoriga taangiga on doortay hoggaamiye ee dalka.

Dhibaatada kaliya la faham this of afgambi waa in aysan ahayn mid waafaqsan xaqiiqda. iibsiga The more galay intii saddex maalmood ah, ka yar si cad waxa uu noqonayaa. Vital, daqiiqado muhim lahaa aad u yar in la sameeyo dimuqraadiyadda. Waa maxay run ahaantii kaalin weyn, waa awood u leh inay hoaxes, dhumiyaan iyo maasuqay. Waxay ahayd a sirqoollada tartanka, oo ku guuleystay ciyaaryahanka ugu fiican.

In version la halftones halxidhkii aan ka badnayn doorka laba characters, Gorbachev oo Yeltsin. Arintaan, tusaale ahaan, waxaa mysteriously ku saabsan putsch wada xaajoodka. Sida by markhaatifurkaaga badan oo iska hor imaad weyn ee Moscow, Yeltsin ayaa geesinimo xaqiijiyay, markey Mixraabka ugu gal taangi in ay iska caabin ciidan la xoojiyey huba in aan cidna ma soo gani doonaa.

Madaxweynaha USSR ogaa oo ku saabsan wax kasta oo

haddii Gorbachev ahaa in fact, si joogto ah ayuu ku adkaystay, xabsi guri ku Foros? Ama, sida tirada ka-qaybgalayaasha in dhacdooyinka, ay go'doon iyaga ayaa ciyaaray sugnaa oo aan aragnaa natiijada ka hor wuu xukumi doonaa inqilaabkii on 21 August? Sida laga soo xigtay Vasily Starodubtsev, Gorbachev oo kaliya soo noqon oo uu ka dhigtay.

Maanta, Madaxweynihii hore waa qadarin sida reformer ah oo ka qarxay shuuciyad dhabarka iyo ciyaarta ka tagay, marka waxaa jiray natiijo ah lama huraan ah failure ee inqilaabkii - burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti 26 December ee 1991-kii. Laakiin xagaaga ee isla sannadkaas, ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda ugu muhiimsan ee aan ku jiray xisbiga Conservative jir, taas oo uu ku qabtay in ay isku dayaan in ay xukunka sii. Tan iyo June, waxa ay noqotay dhibaato bishan, ayaa loo doortay Yeltsin, madaxweynaha cusub ee RSFSR ah. Isagu wuxuu u yimid oo leh 57% codadkii oo lahaa heybad ee runta ah, reformer ah oo dadku doortay. Iyada oo taariikhda dhaw ee saxiixa Gorbachev for heshiis ururka cusub fudud si ay u fahmaan, haddii Midowga Soofiyeeti uu hoos u dhaco marka laga reebo, sida saadaaliyay by Konserfatifka, waa inuu madaxiisa wayn sii joogi doonaan shaqo. Haddii uu raadinayo sabab ay u joojiyaan koorsada dhacdooyinka, ee formation Guddiga Emergency ka dhacay daqiiqad fursad.

Sida laga soo xigtay shirqoolkii Starodubtseva, plotter afgambi ahaayeen gacmaha Gorbachev ee, kuwaas oo ogaa oo dhan waxa ay ku saabsan. In 1991 Starodubtsev wuxuu ahaa madaxdii reer 40 millionth Midowga soo ridayeen ah. markii qaar ka mid ah ku qaatay Xabsi, ka dib inqilaabkii ka dib, markii loo doortay guddoomiyaha gobolka hodanka beeraha ee Tula, wuxuu xubin ka ahaa baarlamaanka ee xisbiga shuuciga ah oo u dhintay wadna ee 2011

Putsch ama lagu qoslo?

Starodubtsev ka qoomameeyay in Guddiga Gurmadka ayaa wax badan oo khalad ah, ha isticmaalin warbaahinta in ay dadka ku dhiiri si ay u taageeraan afgambi. shirqoolkii Old ee xadgudbayaasha vinylalkohol putsch guuldareystay iyo CIA, laakiin dad badan, la'aanta ah ee xirfad in inqilaab ayaa weli ka mid ah kooxaha ugu dahsoon Guddiga Gurmadka. Sawirka wakhtigaas cadaynaysaa inaanu amrin ah ka sii qallafsanaaday, jiriin ah oo khibrad leh iyo idealists si xun u tababaran, booday sare madaxiisa ka badan.

Ma aha in iyagu ma ay waayo-aragnimo ee jirijirtay iyo rabshado dhiig leh ma haystaan. Dhab ahaantii, nasiib daro, waxay ahaayeen badan tahay ka hor inta kale ee arrintan la xiriira, ayuu markii dambe ku qoray buugiisa ilaaliya Gorbachev, General Medvedev. Leon Trotsky, koox siyaasadeed ee Stalin, 1940, lagu dilay halka in Safra kale. Maxaa looga hortagi xadhiga Yeltsin, kuwaas oo ahaa on gacantaada ku jiraa?

Su'aalo bilaabo kulanka ugu horeeya ee u dhexeeya Gorbachev iyo wafdi la filayn, taas oo ku timid maalintii daal August. Sida laga soo xigtay version rasmiga ah, madaxweynaha markii hore cabsi, laakiin, qanciyay in aan la xiray, wuxuu noqday dagaal raba oo diiday inuu la kulmo dalabka. Sida laga soo xigtay Gorbachev, ayuu u yeedhay shirqoolkii iyo xadgudbayaasha, adventurers, kuwaas oo bixin doonaa wixii uu sameeyay.

Qoyska iyo jaalayaashooda Gorbachev had iyo jeer ku adkeystay in uu taagyeero mucaaradka inay afgambi loogu tala galay uu ku meelaynta xabsi guri, wuxuu inta lagu jiro taas oo u cabsaday naftiisa. Ka dib markii xubno ka mid ah Guddiga Gurmadka duulay Moscow si uu u qabto xoog, Gorbachev iyo xaaskiisa Raisa, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1999, hadhay ilaalinaya in Foros. Markii ay ka dib u marag furay Leonid Proshkina, baaraha sare ee Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Guud ee in ay baaritaan ku sameynayay afganbigii, waxay sheegtay in haddii uu istaroog yar. Waxa uu xaqiijiyay in labada lamaane ay ahayd in xaalad adag, oo loo siin ilaa badan, maxaa yeelay, waxaan ka cabsadaa in la sumeeyay.

Cudurku waxa uu noqday sabab uu for shir jaraa'id finalka maalinta ku xigta, markii, indhaha dunida ku xigeenka Gorbacheva Yanaev, oo ahaa madaxda magacaaban ee shirqoolkii hoos, ku dhawaaqay in uu qabanayaa fulinta waajibaadka Madaxweynaha. Waxa uu sheegay in, aan awoodin in ay ka gudbaan gariirka ugu awooda badan ee uu gacmaha iyo in codkiisa, in Mikhail Gorbachev hadda waa fasax, daawayn xagga koonfureed, oo waxay rajaynayaa in sida ugu dhakhsaha badan Gorbachev ayaa dareensan in si fiican, ka dibna xafiiska mar qaadataa.

caddaynta kale ee shirka ee Foros soo bandhigaan sawir dheeraad ah oo buuxda. Sida laga soo xigtay Valery Boldin, madaxii hore ee maamulka Gorbachev, iyo shirqoolkii kale, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 2006, hoggaamiyaha Soofiyeeti ayaa ka carooday, laakiin waxa uu sidoo kale diyaar u ahayd qiimo kasta in laga takhaluso Yeltsin. In dhamaadka, madaxweynaha ayaa yiri: "Si aad She'ool kula, sameeyo waxa aad rabto," ka dibna siiyey qaar ka mid ah talooyin ku saabsan sida loo soo bandhigo xaalad degdeg ah.

Sidaas daraaddeed wuxuu ahaa xabsi guri Madaxweyne ah?

Ningax Gorbachev in Foros kicisaa dhowr su'aalood: in uu isku dayay in ay ka baxsadaan, isku dayaya in ay in ay xiriir la sameeyaan dadka, si ay u sharxaan uu maqan yahay lama filaan ah? telefoonka dowladda laga gooyay, laakiin telefoonka in uu gaariga ayaa waxaa uu weli ka shaqeynayo sidii phone kale ee ilaalada guriga. Dhab ahaantii, waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in Gorbachev u yeedhay intii uu xabsi guri, oo ay ku jiraan Madaxweynaha Nursultan Nazarbayev, madaxweynaha xiligan ee Kazakhstan, kuwaas oo ahaa hoggaamiyaha xisbiga shuuciga ah ee dalka ku sugan 1991 oo, sida laga soo xigtay Alexander Hinstein, xildhibaan iyo taariikhyahan Arkady Volsky, mid ka mid ah la-taliyeyaal uu. In wada hadal, Gorbachev ku dooday in ma aha run ahaantii jiran.

32 ilaalada Madaxweynaha - waa maaddo kale oo doodda. None iyaga ka mid ah ayaa la xiray ka dib inqilaabkii, iyo baaraha Proshkin ogaaday in ay ahaayeen hana ka gees inqilaabkii toona, inkastoo khatarta ay guud ahaan ka xoogbadan, Plekhanov. Goobjoogayaal ku andacoodaan in Gorbachev ka tagi karo hadii uu doonayo inuu, laakiin waxa uu u beenisay. Waxa uu soo saaray amar qoraal ah oo leh looga baahan yahay in ay si Moscow tagaan, laakiin, wuxuu yidhi, ma helin jawaab kasta. Saddex sano ka dib Collegium Military ee Maxkamadda Sare gabagabeeyey in Gorbachev ma ahaa xabsi guri, sababtoo ah ma uusan isku dayi doonin inay ka baxsadaan.

In buugiisa, Taliyaha Guud ee Medvedev xitaa sheegay in mudada soo gunaanaday filayo asturidda madaxweynaha ahaa Tu-134.

Dzhon Danlop, taariikhyahan ah American iyo khabiir on diyarad afgambi sannadkii 1991, doodaysaa in ficil Gorbachev ee yaabay Aleksandra Yakovleva, oo sannado badan, kuwaas oo ahaa mid ka mid ah sokeeye dhow ee hoggaamiyaha Soofiyeeti. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, uusan fahmin sababta Madaxweynaha ma ma baxsan, maxaa yeelay, nimankii ilaalinayayna aan xitaa isku dayay lahaa si ay u joojiyaan.

Waa lagama yaabo in aan abid ku ogaan doonaa in Gorbachev ka baqay inuu sameeyo ama si fudud u sugaya inuu ku biiro kooxda guusha. Ilaa iyo inta uu ku hadhay oo aan xidhiidhka la dunida ka baxsan in Foros, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa in meel qumman yahay, haddii afgambi ku fashilmay, ayuu noqon lahaa dhibane; haddii kale waxa uu dhici karaa on kaalin hoggaamineed a. Waxa ay u muuqataa in madaxweynaha idman inqilaabkii, laakiin si aan ahaa mid u furan in ay isaga ku lug, gabagabeeyay Dunlop.

Gorbachev beeniyay eedaymahaas muddo sanado ah. Palazhchenko, xoghayaha jaraa'id uu, ganaaxyada ka dhanka ah iimaanka indha la 'ayaa sheegay in inqilaab xiiso Carter hogaamiyihii hore. In 2006, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Gorbachev waxaa si cad u eedeeyay Yeltsin ku lug afgambi. 15 sano oo taageero ka hesho dadweynaha versions of Madaxweynaha ex-Soviet buka Boris Yeltsin ka dib u sheegay TV-ga Ruushka in inta lagu guda jiro inqilaabkii, Gorbachev ku wargeliyay ku saabsan wax kasta oo sugaya in ay arkaan, kuwaas oo ku guuleysan doono. Wax kasta oo ka soo baxa, uu ku biiri lahaa Liibaanay.

Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, Gorbachev Foundation, odoraska a abuuray by hoggaamiyihii hore ee Soviet si kor loogu qaado dimuqraadiyadda ee Russia, isla markiiba ku eedeeyay Yeltsin of blackening magaca Madaxweynihii hore ee isku day lagu doonayo in dareenka dadka ay kaalin gaar ah daraawiishi ay of USSR danlahaa. Laakiin muran ku dhamaatay barbaro ah. Yeltsin dhintay.

Haamaha ee Moscow

Inta kale ee dadweynaha ee Midowga Soofiyeeti bartay afgambi sannadkii 1991 ilaa maalinta ku xigta ka dib markii uu ka yimid xasilloon Foros. Subaxnimadii Isniinta, qorraxda kacay in ka badan column ee taangiyada, la guuxeen guuraha weheliyaan Kutuzovsky Prospekt - wadada ballaadhan oo keentay in xarunta of Moscow. Ka dib markii baahinta ujeedooyinka at 7 am on radio gobolka iyo telefishanka waxay bilaabeen inay baahin joogto ah "Swan Lake" Guddiga Tchaikovsky.

Haddii aan taageero toos ah Gorbachev afgambi lahaa ciidamada military oo kaliya, taas oo ahayd dilaa. Marshal Dmitry Yazov, Wasiirka Gaashaandhiga iyo shirqoolkii ah, kuwaas oo u soo diray taangiyada, ka dib qirtay in uu ka go'an tiro ka mid ah khaladaadka. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, gambiyay d'afgambi ahaa complete improvisation. Waxaa jiray qorshe lahayn. Qofna ma u maleeyay inay soo qabtaan Yeltsin ama duufaan ah "Aqalka Cad" (dhismaha Golaha Sare). plotter ayaa rajeynayay in dadka fahmi doonaan iyo taageero. Laakiin waxay bilaabeen inay eedayn xaqiiqda ah in ay taangiyada galay xarunta of Moscow diray.

First of dhan, shirqoolkii ku tiirsanaan karin ciidamada ammaanka. daacad Siyaasadda ciidamada Soviet waxaa si ba'an u waxyeeleeyeen taxane ah oo dagaallo lagu hoobtay oo la banaanbax nabad ah in labadii sano ee hore. In 1989, Marines ku weeraray mudaaharaad ee Tbilisi (Georgia), taasoo keentay in 20 dhimasho ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, sanadka ah ee abuurista Guddiga Gurmadka - sannadda dhimashada 14 qof oo rayid ah inta lagu guda jiro iiriyo cutubkan KGB gaarka ah si loola dagaallamo argagixisada ee Baarlamaanka Lithuanian iyo xarunta telefishanka, dibad u qabtay. Ka dib markii ay galeen dambiyo, kuwaas oo masuul ka ah siyaasadaha ay ku eedeeyay ciidamada.

Tani waxay ku waayi ciidanka damac iyo xataa KGB inay ka qayb qaataan siyaasadda, gaar ahaan xarunta of Moscow. Waxay sidoo kale albaabka u furay for Yeltsin, madaxa hore ee Guddiga magaalada ee xisbiga shuuciga ah, kuwaas oo ku guulaystay Gorbachev xagaagii 1991 sida reformer ah ee hormuudka ka ah Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo isku dayeen in ay ka badiyeen qayb ka mid ah abuuritaanka Soviet. Frank iyo u furan West ah, Yeltsin bixitaankii rajada deeqsi ah dhallinyarada Russia, kuwaas oo run ahaantii doonayey inuu la go'doomin caalami ee dalka sameeyo. Denham kasta oo uu xoog ku koray.

Yeltsin ogaaday waxa uu halis. Dhowr toddobaad ka hor afgambi uu tegey Pavel Grachev, taliyaha ciidamada weerarka, oo la weydiiyay hadii uu ku tiirsanaan karin dadkiisa ay dhacdo in afgambi. Yeltsin sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa in xiriir joogto ah la General Evgeniem Shaposhnikovym, kuwaas oo mas'uul ka ahaa ciidamada cirka ah. Joogitaanka xulafadooda sida, cadaato muhim.

wacyi dahsoon

Yeltsin gaaray Moscow on subaxdii of August 19 cariishyada, ee la soo dhaafay ku yaala kaynta dhow qeybinta KGB ah, kaas oo ahaa inay soo qabtaan isaga wadidda, laakiin in sidaas la sameeyo guuldareystay. Xagga dhamaadka maalinta, 24 saacadood ka dib booqashada afgambi ka dhanka ah Gorbachev, uu ka tagay dhismaha ee Soviet Sare ee USSR iyo fuusho taangi, kuwaas oo u baxay inuu kooxdiisa. Jeestay dadkii badnaa oo u yimid Wadda qodan dhanka ah inqilaabkii, ayuu dhammaan Ruushka ugu baaqay in ay jawaab ku filan si ay u afgambi iyo si ay u dalbadaan soo celinta amarka caadiga ah dastuurka.

dhalashada ee Yeltsin on telefishanka dawladda riday afgambi saaraa madaxa. markabka TV Dibadda, taas oo la siiyey xorriyad dhamaystiran, laga saaro tobanaan kun oo Ruushka ka yimid si loo hubiyo in dalka uusan inay la soo dhaafay kuma ay soo noqon. Dadka adduunka oo dhan ku arkay taangiyada la dhisteen ay duulaya tricolors dimuqraadi Russia.

Thanks to xidhiidhada uu ciidanka 48 saacadood ee soo socota, Yeltsin ogaa oo ku saabsan dhammaan tallaabooyinka dheeraad ah Guddiga Degdegga ah. Waxaa la ogaaday saddex sano ka dib markii weriyaha American Seymour Hersh ayaa sheegay in Madaxweynaha Dzhordzh Bush baajiyay Golaha Qaranka Security Agency si aad u hubiso in Yeltsin loo yaqaan qorshaha of shirqoolkii.

Madaxweynaha Ruush ah oo ku saabsan wada xaajoodka sheegay in-waqtiga dhabta ah. Yeltsin laftiisa ayaa qirtay in intii lagu jiray go'doominta labada maalmood ee Aqalka Cad a, diblomaasiyiinta Maraykanka isaga soo booqday. Waxa uu ku qoray buugiisa in mar uun, xataa socday ordaan Safaaradda Mareykanka, laakiin markaas go'aansaday in aan sidaa sameeyo, sababta oo ah "dadka ma jecla shisheeyaha faragelinta arrimaha our."

Ka dib markii riwaayadaha ee, Isniinta August 19, Tuesday ahaa heer xasaasi ah oo ay adag tahay in Moscow. Mudaaharaadayaasha ayaa ka taagay meel la xidhay, iyo hogaamiyaasha afgambiga milatari dalkaasi ku miisaamay halista ah howlgalka military-buuxa. Laakiin markii habeenkii ku dhacay, Yeltsin muujiyeen degenaan aan caadi ahayn. Dhamaan ilaha sheegay in Guddiga Gurmadka ayaa go'aansaday in ay digniin Aqalka Cad. Sida laga soo xigtay xoghayaha jaraa'id uu Pavla Voschanova, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Madaxweynaha Ruush habeenkii ku qaatay dhulka hoostiisa, iid ah oo sakhraama. guud ayaa sheegay in Medvedev, wuxuu ogaa inay weerar ma ay qaadan meel.

dhamaadka

By subaxdii of 21 August ahaa unit kaliya oo Guddiga Gurmadka xisaabtami karin. Waxaa Jirtay in Koox ka mid ah "Alfa", kaas oo lagu amray in ay weeraraan Aqalka Cad. Laakiin, fikirin sida ay duniyooyinka in Lithuania bilowgii sanadkan, booliska mudaharaad ay go'aansadeen in aan amarkooda fulino, iyo waaberiga, waxaa caddaatay in shirqoolkii laga badiyay. Wasiirka Difaaca Yazov amray in ay ka baxaan taangiyada Moscow ee, taasoo wadada u xaareysa waydaartaan ah maalinta ku xigta, markii Gorbachev u yimaadeen inay si cad u canaanto ka kooban Guddiga Gurmadka. In la joogo kama dambaysta ah ee shirqoolkii u tageen inay Foros, ayaa si wadajir ah u duulo magaalada iyo in ay qaataan meel ku haboon in buugaagta taariikhda.

In ay kakanaanta iyo unknowable ah - in isku dar ah ee random iyo qorsheeyay - August putsch ahaa siyaabo badan maamaan ah in siyaasadda ee post-communist Russia. dimuqraadiyadda idink Yeltsin ugu dhakhsaha badan siiyey si ay gobolka siwacan u adag, labo sano ka dib, wuxuu soo diri lahaa taangiyada ka dhanka ah baarlamaanka laftiisa, oo wuxuu isku dayay inuu difaaco 1991.

Tan iyo markaas, shirqool ku qaaday siyaasada meel ka Vladimir Putin in ay awood u yimid sanadkii 1999, "si fiican" taas oo ku soo beegantay xilli ciidamada, inuu u ciyaaro marti Putin oo uu, Dmitry Medvedev. Kremlin la spiers ay dreamy weli qarsoon xarunta nolosha Ruush.

Sidee dhacdooyinka biloowday

• August 18: Gorbachev ayaa isku dayaya inuu rafcaan u madaxa KGB ah, Vladimir Kryuchkov caawimaad. Laakiin Kryuchkov hoggaamiyay inqilaab.
• On 19 August, 7 am: radio Soviet gobolka iyo warbaahinta telefishanka iyo entry hadalka afgambi ee taangiyada ee Moscow.
• August 19: Raisa Gorbachev ayaa sheegay in inta lagu guda jiro iyada oo xadhig ah ku Foros gaaray stroke yar.
• On 19 August, 5 pm: Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka Janaev dhawaaqay cudurka Madaxweynaha.
• 20 August, dadka bilaabay inuu wax dhiso xidhay hore ee Aqalka Cad, taas oo Yeltsin ahaa.
• August 20: Gorbachev sugaya. Sida laga soo xigtay shirqoolkii Vasily Starodubtsev, wuxuu ogaa wax walba.
• August 21, 3 am: unugyo gaar ah oo KGB ah - "Alfa" group - amray in ay digniin Aqalka Cad. Natiijooyinka xadgudubkiisa in carqalad ah dhagarta.
• August 22, Gorbachev ka timaadaa Foros inuu xukumo afgambi. shirqoolkii lagu xiray.
• December 25: saamaynta inqilaabkii - Gorbachev iska casilay Madaxweynaha Midowga Soofiyeeti, iyo maalinta ku xigta Midowga Soofiyeeti si rasmi ah iska daayeen inay ka jiraan.