Dareen-celinta tayada for anions walxaha organic, barta-

reaction Qualitative in walxaha organic, udhigo iyo siifilisku go'aan ka gaari kara joogitaanka xeryahooda kala duwan iyadoo la isticmaalayo heli karo, in kiisaska intooda badan hababka fudud. Iyaga waxaa loo qaadan karaa siyaabo of tilmaamayaasha, hydroxides, oxides. Science in daraasaad guryaha iyo qaab-dhismeedka walxaha kala duwan, loo yaqaan "chemistry". Dareen-celinta tayada waa qayb ka mid ah qaybta la taaban karo ee sayniska this.

Qoondaynta oo ah walxaha ka imanba

Dhammaan walxaha kala qaybsan yihiin organic iyo imanba. Kooxdu waxay ugu horeysay ka tirsan, kuwaas oo fasalada xeryahooda, sida cusbada, hydroxides (saldhig, acid iyo amphoteric) iyo oxides halkan sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah xeryahooda fudud (SІ2, I2, N2 oo kale ah oo ka kooban hal element a).

Cusbada ka kooban waxbarashada ah oo bir ah oo an ka hadhay anion acid. The taagoo dhismeedka acid ka mid ah H + siifilisku iyo anions ku harta acidic. Hydroxides ka kooban yihiin siifilisku biraha iyo anions qaab group hydroxyl OH-. taagoo xabagta Curiska waxaa ka mid ah atamka laba cunsur kiimikada, ogsijiin mid ka mid ah ayaa loo baahan yahay. Waxay noqon karaan acidic, aasaasiga ah iyo amphoteric. Sida la fahamsan yahay ka ay horyaalka, waxay awood u sameynta fasalada kala duwan ee walxaha in dareen diidmo gaar ah. Sayidka, oxides acid by reaction biyo si ay u sameeyaan acid iyo aasaasiga ah - saldhig. Amphoteric, iyadoo ku xiran xaaladaha, muujiyaan laga yaabaa in sifooyinka labada nooc ee oxides. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid bir ah, beryllium, aluminium, iyo waxa daasadda, chromium, lead. hydroxides weliba kuwanuna waa amphoteric. Si loo go'aamiyo in joogitaanka in xal of walxaha imanba kala duwan waxaa loo isticmaalaa udhigo dareen diidmo oo tayo leh.

kala duwan oo ka mid ah walxaha organic

Kooxdani waxa ay ka mid kiimiko ah, taagoo ee ka kooban oo loo baahan yahay in ay ka mid carbon iyo hydrogen. Waxay sidoo kale ku jiri kara atamka la oxygen, Nitrogendoksid, mastadh iyo xubno kale oo badan.

Waxay kala qaybsan yihiin fasalada ugu weyn ee soo socda: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, acids organic (dufanka cokan nucleic, acids amino, iwm), aldehydes, borotiinada, dufanka iyo carbohydrates. reactions badan oo tayo leh oo ku saabsan arrinta organic qaadeen oo isticmaalaya noocyo kala duwan oo hydroxides. Waayo, reagents kuwaas waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida -KP, oxides acid.

organics reaction tayada

Joogitaanka alkanes waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa habka ka saarida. Haddii aad ku dari -KP, ma discolor doonaa. Gubasho walxahan waxay buluug iftiin olol. Alkenes lagu ogaan karaa by dheer oo biyo ah bromine ama -KP. Labada walxaha kuwan waxaa discolored by ficil iyaga la. Joogitaanka phenol sidoo kale la go'aamin karaa by daray xal of bromine. Sayidka waxa uu noqonayaa mid ay leegyihiin iyo soo dadajin dayrta. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, joogitaanka walaxda la ogaan karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo xal ferric chloride oo siin midab buluug-cawlan ah by ficil la. Dareen-celinta tayada for walxaha organic ku jira fasalka alcohols lagu daro iyaga sodium. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaad fartaan Wannaagga ah hydrogen. alcohols sari Ulasocto a olol buluug iftiinka.

Glycerin lagu ogaan karaa via hydroxide Cuprum. Sayidka sameeyay glycerate, kaas oo ku siin xal of color cornflower. lagu ogaan karaa jiritaanka aldehydes isticmaalaya xabagta Argentum. Sidaas darteed, reaction this saarta Argentum saafi ah oo precipitates.

Waxa kale oo jira falcelin tayo for aldehyde, oo waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo hydroxide copper. Waayo, hirgelintiisa waa in hore loo kululayn jiray xal. Xaaladdan oo kale, waa in marka hore la beddelo midabka si buluug ah huruud ah, ka dibna si cas. Borotiin lagu ogaan karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo acid amooniyam ah. Sidaas darteed, waxaa ku dhacaa soo dadajin huruud ah. Haddii aan ku dar hydroxide Cuprum, waa guduud. Dareen-celinta tayada for walxaha fasalka organic acids waxaa loo qabtaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo adag ama chloride bir ah. In labada kiisaska, xal u beddelayo midabka si cas. Haddii aan ku dar carbonate sodium sii daayo carbon dioxide.

siifilisku reaction tayada

Waxay waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo ogaado joogaan in xalka of udhigo biraha kasta. imtixaanada tayada on acid waa in la aqoonsado waxbarashada ee H +, kaas oo la mid ah in ay ka kooban. Taas waxaa la samayn karaa laba siyood: adigoo isticmaalaya adag ama orange methyl. The ugu horeysay ee dhexdhexaad ah acidic badala midabka si ay cas, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - in casaan.

The siifilisku of lithium, sodium iyo potassium lagu kala sooci karaa ay olol. First shiday in cas, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - huruud ah, kii saddexaadna - olol buluug ah. udhigo Calcium waxaa la ogaado habka ku daray xal of carbonates, oo korkoodana waxaa soo dadajin cad.

anions reaction tayada

Kuwa ugu badan oo iyaga ka mid - aqoonsiga ee OH-, ku dheehan yahay waxaad ka heli kartaa haddii ay jiraan xal ku salaysan. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxaa loo baahan yahay tilmaamayaasha. Waxaa phenolphthalein, orange methyl, adag. Asal ahaan deegaankan keensataa midab guduudan xidhatid, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - huruud ah, saddexaad - Blue.