Kacaankii warshadaha. Features of Revolution Warshadaha ee Mareykanka iyo Russia

Industrial Revolution The, kuwaas oo bilaabay in qarnigii 18aad ee England iyo dalalka Dabool ka dib horumariyo doonaa (qarnigii 19), waa bedelka ee mashiinka saarka buugan, tag warshadda by warshad. The keentay qaybaha bulshada waa shaqaalaha iyo bourgeoisie ah. The salaysan wax soo saarka waxa iska leh warshadaha, qalabaysan mashiinada.

kacaankii warshadaha ayaa si tartiib ah. In qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19-kii ka dib markii kacaanka ee England daboolayaa Maraykanka. Markaasaa waxaa u timid kacaankii warshadaha ee Europe. Oo qaybta bari ee kacaankii warshadaha ayaa soo afjaray.

Bilowgii kacaankii warshadaha saameeyeen warshadaha iftiinka. Markaasaa bilaabaan cover mechanization iyo warshadaha kale wax soo saarka. Xilligan waxa ay astaan u Been farsamada, sida lathe ah, harqaan ah, gaadiid cusub (tareenka iyo doonnida), oo macnaheedu yahay ee isgaarsiinta (radio, telegaraafka, telefoonka).

In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 19aad kacaankii warshadaha galay marxalad cusub oo horumarineed. Muddadan engine la soo hindiseen ah engine gudaha sari (engine sari gudaha), phonograph (duubo codka iyo qalab tarmo), daahfurka oo saliid ah, warshadaha kiimikada. Dadka waxay bilaabeen in ay si firfircoon u isticmaalaan korontada.

Revolution Warshadaha ayaa ka dhacay xaaladaha wanaagsan. Waxay abuuray waxbarasho US a. Yari iyo wheel fur si farsamaysan u muuqday in America ee 1789. Ka dib markii haajirad ka England Pleyter shaqada uu sameeyey sawir of gooynayaa, ka dib markii sannad ka ee dalka Mareykanka ayaa bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan soo saarka Warshadda dharka ugu horeysay. Dhamaadka konton sannadood, isticmaalka warshadaha suuf America ayaa in ka badan laba iyo labaatan jeer kor u kacay.

Waa in la ogaadaa in ay hawshu ugu sareeya on hordhaca ah ee matoorada uumi ayaa lagu arkay tan iyo bilowgii u afartameeyaha ee qarnigii 19aad. Tani waxa ay ahayd xad-dhigida soo daahay oo biyo ah waxaa keena engine badashada, la shiilayo, jaban marka la barbar dhigo.

Of muhiimadda weyn ee horumarinta kacaankii warshadaha ee America la siiyey dhismaha waddooyinka tareennada. In muddo ah ka 1830 si ay u 1850 jiray koror ka badan shan-laab of network tareenka.

koritaanka warshadaha warshadaha macdanta iyo qodniinka- la xiriira inta badan la mechanization gaadiidka. Sidaas darteed, qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19, la kordhiyo wax soo saarka macdanta birta doofaarka by 12 jeer, iyo xagal ee wax soo saarka - dhawr kun.

kacaankii warshadaha ayaa loo ogol yahay Maraykanka si ay u horumariyaan oo ay mashiin gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, dhirta badan oo wax soo saarka ee matoorada uumi la dhisay ee Pennsylvania, New York.

Waa in la ogaadaa in kaalin weyn horumarinta warshadaha ee dalka Mareykanka ayaa dhigay hanad ee injineernimada (qayl, Singer, Morse). Dalku wuxuu helay hawl-wadeeno mishiinada beeraha, taas oo ay sabab u ahayd baahida sii kordhaysa ee beerta. Inta lagu jiro '40eeyaha -' 50s ee America, threshers farsamo fiican, seeders la abuuray, lawn iyo qalab kale.

Waayo konton sannadood, ee laga keeno Maraykanka kordhay 4 jeer, iyo dhoofisa 3.7. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in bartamihii qarnigii 19-ka booska keentay in dhoofinta weli degan waxyaabaha beeraha iyo alaabta ceeriin.

In kacaankii warshadaha Ruush ee geedi socodka ahaa waaxda dhul iyo waaxaha midina. Tani waxa ay ahayd sababta dheer, nus qarni ah ee kala guurka ah ee dalka ka shaqo gacana laga soo saarka iswada ah. Mechanization bilaabay in industry suuf ee soddon jirka ah oo ku dhamaatay ganacsiga birta ah ee ku tiris ah.

By waqtiga la baabiiyay ee serfdom, in ka badan 60% ka mid ah wax soo saarka ee qaybta ka mid ah warshadaha soo saaray shaqaalaha rayidka ah ee warshadaha ee.

In dhexe ee qarnigii 19aad oo ku saabsan warshadaha boqol mashiin la dhisay, laakiin warshadaha sii waday in ay isticmaalaan shaqada Buuggan.