Kooban hal abuur Balmont ee. Features abuurka Balmont

Aan caadi ahayn magaca Scottish Ruush isaga helay iyada oo awowayaashiis yeeli - badmaaxa ah, tuuraya barroosinka oo dhan xeebaha Pushkin iyo Lermontov. Hal-abuurka Balmonta Konstantina Dmitrievicha xilligii Soviet waxaa illoobay sababo cad. dubbe Country iyo sickle uma baahnayn abuuray meel ka baxsan shaqeeya ee xaqiiqo hantiwadaagga, oo khadadka aan la baahin on halganka oo ka mid ah geesiyaal dagaalka iyo shaqada ... Dhanka kale, Abwaan, isagoo tayo weyn, kuwaas oo kaliya nunu gabay sii xeerkii gabayada saafi ah, gabayada qorayey ma xisbiyada, iyo weliba dadka aawadiis.

"Had iyo jeer la abuuro, mar walba samayn ..."

dhaxalka A ayaa inoo reebin Balmont mugga ku filan oo cajiib ah: 35 buugaagta gabayada iyo 20 buugaagta ee tiraab. gabayo waxaa u bogi by walaalahooda qoraaga dhawaaq istareexsan. Konstantin Dmitrievich qoray badan, laakiin isagu weligii "qaawi baxay khadadka" oo aan ku hawlan fiican qoraalka la kaabidda badan. gabayo uu mar walba ku qoran isku day ugu horeysay, Hal mar u fadhiiso. Oo ku saabsan sida uu abuuray gabayo Balmont sheegay gebi asalka - gabay.

ku qorani ma aha buunbuunin haddii. Mihail Vasilevich Sabashnikov, taas oo Abwaan jooga 1901 ahaa, xusuusannaa in daraasiin ka mid ah khadadka uu fartaan in madaxayga iyo warqad uu gabayada mar ku qoray, oo aan wax isbedel ah. Su'aashu waxay tahay sidee ma wuxuu ku sameeyaa, Konstantin Dmitrievich ku jawaabay isagoo dhoolacadeynaya hubka: "Ka dib oo dhan, I - gabayaa!"

Sharaxaad kooban oo ka mid ah hal-abuurka

naqdiya suugaanta, connoisseurs ee uu shaqada, la hadal oo ku saabsan samaynta, u kaca iyo hoos u dhaca heerka shuqulladiisa in sameeyey Balmont. Biography oo camal kooban oo ku muujiyaan noo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in waxqabadka la yaab leh (wuxuu maalin kasta ku qoray, oo had iyo jeer on jajuubi a).

Uruurinta ugu caansan shuqullada gabayo Balmont Abwaan baaluq ee "Kaliya Love," "ha Sun ah", "dhismeyaasha gubanaya." a collection of "Aamusku" waxay u taagan tahay ka soo dhex shuqullada horeeya.

Bal'mont abuurkii (kooban xiganaya qarnigii XX suugaanta laga bilaabo) ee u janjeera ku xiga guud xagga qoraaga tayo attenuation (ka dib markii kor ku xusan saddex uruuriyaa) sidoo kale waxa uu taxane ah oo "ka dhimman". Xusid mudan "warkii Fein" - cute heesaha carruurta ku qoran qaab, markii danbe ay la wareegeen Korney Chukovsky. Sidoo kale waxaa xiiseynaya "gabay qalaad," abuuray aragti ah waxa uu arkay halka safraya Masar iyo Oceania.

Biography. carruurnimada

Aabbihiis, Dmitry K., wuxuu ahaa dhakhtar dal, iyo sidoo kale iska leh guryaha ah. Hooyo, Vera (nee in Lebedev), dabeecadda hal abuur leh, sida uu Abwaan, "ayaa sameeyey dheeraad ah si ay u kobcin jacaylka gabayada iyo music" ka badan oo dhan macalimiinta xiga. Constantine ahaa ina saddexaad ee qoyska ka mid ah in kaliya wuxuu lahaa toddoba carruur ah, oo dhan - wiilal.

Konstantin Dmitrievich ahaa kala duwan, dao gaar ah (aragtida nolosha). Aan by fursad Balmont nolosha iyo shaqada aad ula xiriira. In uu carruurnimada abuurka awood loo dhigay, taas oo lagu muujiyey in aragti sii tuso.

Caruurnimadiisii sickened shkolyarstvo iyo daacad. Nasjonalromantiske inta badan qaatay ka hormariyaan dareen caadi ah. School (dugsiga sare lab Shuiskys Tsarevich Alexei), uma uu dhammeeyey la soo hijrooday fasalka 7-dii u ah ka qaybqaadashada wareegyada kacaan. Dugsiga sare ee ugu danbeysay ee uu ka gymnasium Vladimir ka qalin hoos kormeer saacad ah macalinka ka. macalimiinta oo kaliya laba, ayuu markii dambe dib loogu soo yeeri la Mahdiyo: macallin taariikhda iyo juqraafiga, iyo macallinka fanka luqadda.

Ka dib markii barashada muddo sannad ah ka dhiga Jaamacadda Moscow, waxa uu sidoo kale waxaa laga eryo "abaabulka rabshadaha," ka dibna uu ku soo hijrooday Lyceum Demidov ee Yaroslavl ...

Sida aad arki karto, ma fududa in la bilaabay oo uu hawl gabay Konstantin Balmont. Biography iyo u shaqeeyaan ilaa iyo haatan ku xiran yihiin khilaafka u dhexeeya naqdiya suugaanta.

shakhsiyadda Balmont

Personality Konstantina Dmitrievicha Balmonta waa arrin adag. Isagu ma uu ahaa "sida qof kasta oo kale." Gaar ... Waxaa xitaa go'aan ka gaari kara sawirka ee Abwaan, in uu aragtida, on qaabka. Waxaa isla markiiba cad: horteeda oo naga mid ah ma aha Svenneprøve, oo sayidkaagii gabayada. Qofku shakhsiyadiisu ahaa dhalaalaya iyo burjiga. Waxa ay ahayd la yaab organic qof, nolosha iyo shaqeeyaan Balmont sida dilaaca hal waxyoon.

Waxa uu bilaabay inuu qoro gabayo muddo 22 sano ah (marka la barbardhigo darey horeysay Lermontov ee lagu qoray at 15 sano). Ka hor this, sida aynu ognahay, waxaa jiray waxbarashada aan dhamaystirnayn, iyo sidoo kale guur ku fashilmay oo aan gabadhii saaraha Shuya dhamaaday isku day is miidaamin ah (Abwaan ka mid ah suuqa kala 3 dabaq sallaxa ah.) Si aad u soo dadajin dhaqmo Balmont riixay carqalad ku ah nolosha qoyska iyo dhimashada ilmaha marka hore ka meningitis. Xaaskiisa horeysay Garelina Larisa Mihaylovna, bottichellievskogo muuqaalada qurux wajiga, isaga jirdilay masayr, la'aanta dheelitirka, iyo iyadoo tixgalin waayo, riyooyin suugaanta weyn. The dareenka niyad jabka (iyo ka dib - ka furiinka) naagtiisa, wuxuu ku rusheeyey ee maansooyinkii "neefsato aad garbaha udgoon ..." "Maya, anna waxaan leeyahay mid ma wuxuu sameeyey wax shar aad u badan ..." "Oh, naag, ilmo, caadaysteen in ay ciyaari ..".

is-waxbarashada

Sidee dhallinyarada Balmont, noqday sabab la nacay waxbarashada daacad, jeestay in formation of nin, ideologist ee cusub dhaqdhaqaaqa suugaanta? qudhiisu ku tilmaamay Konstantin Dmitrievich, maskaxdiisa mar "daqar" waayo, mid mot Gaarna British - selfhelp (selfhelp). Is-waxbarasho. Waxa ay ahayd waayo Konstantin Dmitrievich goobtii inay mustaqbalka ...

In ay dabiicadda ka qalin dhabta adag shaqaalaha, Konstantin Dmitrievich marnaba raaceen nidaamka wax dibadda, ay ku soo rogeen ku dul dibadda iyo shisheeye ka dabeecada. Balmont abuurka waxaa gebi ahaanba ku salaysan rabitaankiisa is-waxbarashada iyo furfurnaanta in ay waayo-aragnimo. Waxa uu soo jiitay by suugaanta, philology, taariikh, falsafad, taas oo uu ku jiray qof dhab ah. Waxa uu jecel yahay in ay u safraan.

Bilowgii jid hal abuur leh

style Romantic, Fet soo jireenka ah, Nadson iyo Pleshcheyev ma noqon dhamaadka ah iniinahoodu ku dhex jiraan, waayo, Balmont (70-80-mada ay qarnigii XIX ah, gabayaaga badan oo abuuri gabayo la yabban murugo, murugo, nasasho la'aan, cidlo). Wuxuu u beddelay si Konstantin Dmitrievich ay jidka u bannaysay si ay u calaamadda. About this uu markii dambe ku qoray.

is caadi ahayn

is caadi ahayn go'aan ka dabeecadaha abuurka Balmont. sida runta ah Waxa uu ahaa nin hadal sameeya. Abwaan. Oo dunida wuu gartay in si la mid ah sida ay u arki kartaa gabayaa ma by falanqaynta iyo sababaynta, iyo ku tiirsan oo keliya u fiiriyaan iyo dareemaan. "Dadkii ugu horeeyay oo nafta - run ah" - sida caadiga ah ka shaqeeyey ka baxay isagii, oo waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in uu naftiisa oo dhan. Waxaa isaga u taagay inay sare oo hal-abuurka, iyo waxa ay sidoo kale dumay tayadiisa.

Balmont geesi Romantic in muddada hore ee uu shaqada ka go'an in qiimaha Christian. Waxa uu tijaabinayaan isku-dar ah dhawaaqyada iyo fikrado kala duwan, erects "cibaadaysiga eclaadaan."

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa cad in sarkhaansan safaradiisa, 1896-1897 GG., Sidoo kale turjumaadaha gabayada Balmont shisheeye si tartiib tartiib ah u yimid inuu fahmo kala duwan ee dunida.

Waa in la aqoonsado in la soo noq-style jaceyl ah gabayayaashiinnu Ruush of 80aad. Balmont bilaabay shaqada si kooban u mahadiyay in, waxaan dhihi karaa in ay dhab ahaantii wuxuu ahaa aasaasihii calaamad in gabayada Ruush. Muhiim ah muddo formation gabayaa ee loo arkaa uruuriyaa gabayada "Aamusku" iyo "waasicinnay The."

views uu on calaamadda uu ku qeexan 1900 in maqaalkan "erayga Elementary oo ku saabsan gabayada calaamad." Symbolists, waaqiciyiin duwan, sida Balmont - ma ahan oo keliya goobjoogayaasha, waa wada, kuwaas oo raadinaya dunida suuqa kala riyooyinkiisii marayo. Isla mar ahaantaana Balmont ka heli gabayada calaamad mabaadiida ugu muhiimsan ee "sidaynu qarsoon" iyo "quruxda cad."

By ay dabiicadda, ma aha mouse a cawl, iyo hogaamiyaha ahaa Balmont. Biography kooban iyo shaqo si loo xaqiijiyo this. Heybad iyo rabitaan dabiici ah xorriyadda ... tayada Kuwani isaga karti ay ugu sarreysey ee dadka "si ay u noqdaan xarun of jiidashada", waayo shirkado badan oo balmontistov Russia. Sida laga soo xigtay Ehrenburg-qorka ee (waxaa la horeba ka dib Horad), shakhsiyadda Balmont jiitay xataa PSG iskibriya degmada moodada of Passy.

baalashooda New gabayo

Balmont dhacay jacayl naagtiisa labaad mustaqbalka Ekaterinu Alekseevnu Andreevu la at jaleecada ah. Tani wajiga ee uu noloshiisa ka tarjumaysaa collection of gabayo "In waasicinnay." Gabayo heegan u ah iyada oo tiro badan oo asalka ah, "Black-deerada", "Maxay tahay sababta aan had iyo jeer lagu sakhraamo moon?", "Night Ubax".

Lovers ku noolaa waqti dheer ee Europe, ka dibna, ku soo laabtay Moscow, Balmont ee 1898 la sii daayay by guriga soo bandhiga "Caqrabbiim" collection ah oo gabayo, "Aamusku." The ururinta ka mid ah gabayo hormarey epigraphe ah, ka shuqullada Tiutchev xulay: "Waxaa jira saacad gaar ah oo dunida ka mid ah aamusnaan." gabayo ku dhex jira waxa ay u qaybsamaan 12 qaybood loo yaqaan "gabayo lyrical." Konstantin Dmitrievich, waxyoonay by waxbarista theosophical of Madame Blavatsky, mar hore in this collection of gabayo si weyn u ka tago ka aragtida ah Christian.

Fahamka doorka gabayaa ee uu tahay

Collection of "Aamusku" noqdo khuseeya in kala Balmont sida gabayaa, anfici calaamadda. sii koraya ee farshaxanka dulinka helay, Konstantin Dmitrievich qoray maqaal cinwaankiisu yahay "riwaayadaha Kalderonovskoy shaqsiyadiisa", taas oo si dadban ka model Christian classical xaq uu ka soo tagay. Tan waa la sameeyey, sida had iyo jeer, sida masaal. nolosha dunida uu tixgeliyaa "a ka fog iftiinka Source First soo dhacaysa."

Innokentiy Fedorovich Annensky xad dhaaf bandhigay muuqaalada abuurka Balmont, style uu qoraaga. Waxa uu aaminsan yahay in "I", uu qoray Balmont, mabda 'ma tilmaamayso raacsan yahay in Abwaan, waxaa la - hore dhexgalay. Sidaa darteed, aayadda Konstantin Dmitrievich waa mid gaar ah ay lyricism soulful, ayaa muujiyay in isaga qudhiisu xiriir la leeyahay dadka kale in akhristaha mar walba uu dareensan yahay. Akhrinta gabayo uu, waxa ay u muuqataa in Balmont waa iftiimaa iyo tamarta, oo uu si deeqsinimo leh la wadaaga dadka kale:

Maxaa Balmont la soo bandhigay sida an rajo is-jacaylka, waa dhab more asxaan badan arrin ku soo bandhigay dadweynaha kibirka gabayaaga mudnaanta ay leeyihiin, iyo sidoo kale dadweynaha ku deldesheen oo guulaheenna ay naftooda hadda.

Abuurista Bal'mont erayo kooban Annensky, cokan daray waxa ku jira polemizmom gudaha falsafada go'aaminta habdhaqanka daacadnimada. Tan waxaa lagu muujiyay in xaqiiqda ah in Balmont doonayo in ay soo bandhigaan si ay akhristaha dhacdo dhamaystiran: ka booska uu ka askari, oo ka soo baxaysa aragtida dhibanaha. Ma lahan qiimayn dirayaan wax, waxaa markii hore lagu gartaa hannaanka ka mid ah views. Markaasuu isagii u yimid in tayadiisa iyo shaqo adag mahad, in qarni ka hor waqtiga marka wadamada horumariyo, Kaasu wuxuu noqday caadi ah miyir bulshada.

hanad Sunny

Abwaan A Balmont gaar ah. Dhab ahaantii, Konstantin Dmitrievich si rasmi ah waxaa iska lahaa hadda kala duwan, sidaas ayaa u fududahay in ay kor u qaadaan oo ay fikradaha gabay cusub, la'aanta ah ee wixii uu lahaa oo aan marnaba la kulmeen. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii XIX shuqullada gabayaa ee Metamorphosis ku dhacdaa: fleetingness ee Walbahaar iyo rajo ay wadada u qorraxda.

Magac, Kaasu wuxuu qiyaasayey in style taas oo Konstantin Dmitrievich qoray gabayo, iska socodka gabay ah calaamad.

Haddii aayadaha hore ee Nietzsche ogan niyadda ah, ka dibna at height of talanti, hal-abuurka Konstantin Balmont ahaa rajo qoraaga gaar ah oo kala duwan iyo "qorax", "dab".

Alexander Blok, oo sidoo kale waa gabayaa Symbolist ah, soo bandhigay sawir cad ah ee hal-abuurka Balmont muddo in aad u kooban isagoo sheegay in ay tahay oo kaliya sida cad ah iyo nolol-adkaynaya, sida guga.

peak The awoodaha uu hal abuur leh

hadiyad gabay Balmont ka dhawaajisay markii ugu horeysay ee ciidamo ka buuxa ee gabayada ka soo ururinta "dhismeyaasha gubanaya." Waxaa 131 gabay qoraal ah by Abwaan intii uu joogay guriga Polyakova S. V.

Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah, sida la sheegtay by Abwaan, waxay ku qoran sarkhaansan yihiin "niyadda" (si kale loo dhigo, oo uma malayneyn abuurka Balmont). "Gabay A waa in mar dambe ilmo yar!" - waxaan go'aansaday inaan Balmont. Laga bilaabo ururinta this, ugu dambeyntii uu ka decadence iska socday. Abwaan, geesinimo tijaabinayaan gaynta codadka, midabyo iyo fikrado, la abuuro "ayuu lyrics naf casriga ah," "Naf bakhtiistay," "qalqalloocan, oo fool xun."

Waqtigaas wuxuu ahaa in xiriir dhow la ah bohemia St. Petersburg. Catherine A. ogaa daciifnimo ah ee ninkeeda. Waxa uu khamri cabbi kari waayeen. Iyadoo Konstantin Dmitrievich ahayd xoog, Murqo wiry, uu habdhiska (cad overstrained sida ilmo iyo sidii nin dhallinyaro ah) "dab" waa ku filneyn. Ka dib markii qalad u "reeked" ee dhillaysiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay, isagu xaq buu isu helay arrin xaalad ka xumahay: jiifa dabaqa iyo kacsanaan qoto dheer curyaanka. Oo waxay noqotay in ka badan hal mar inta lagu jiro Samaynta "dhismaha gubanaya" markii uu ahaa in shirkadda of Baltrušaitis iyo Polyakov.

Waa in aan bixin cashuur Catherine Alekseevna, malaa'igtii masuulka dunida ee ninkeeda. Waxay fahamsan yahay nooca ninkeedii, oo waxaa loo arkaa daacad ah oo daacad ah, iyo kii, si ay iyada chagrin, waxaa jiray tixaha. Tusaale ahaan, sida la Dagny Christensen ee Paris, ayay ka go'an maansadu "Sun fariistay", "From noocan oo ahaa boqorkii dalka." Waxaa muhiim ah in arrin jacayl la noorwiijiga, kuwaas oo u shaqeeyey sidii wariye ST Petersburg, dhammaaday by Balmont sida jir- sidii ay bilaabeen ah. Ka dib oo dhan, qalbigiisa weli waxaa iska lahaa qof dumar ah - Ekaterine Andreevne, Beatrice, sida uu u bixiyey.

In 1903, Konstantin Dmitrievich si dhib leh ayaa daabacay a collection of "ha Sun ah", ku qoran 1901-1902. Waxay dareemi karaan gacanta sayidkii. Ogow in faafreebka ayaa maray ilaa 10 gogo '. Abwaan Balmont A, sida laga soo xigtay censors ah, waxa uu ahaa mid aad u erya iyo beera ubaxa.

naqdiya suugaanta, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay aaminsan yihiin in this collection of shuqulladiisa oo wakiil ka ah akhristayaasha model cosmogonic dunida waxa ay markhaati u cusub, horumarinta heer-sare ee Abwaan ka. Ayaa qarka u saaran nasasho maskaxda halka ka shaqeeya ururinta hore, Konstantin Dmitrievich, uu u muuqday in la fahmo in "mudaharaad ku nool" wax aan macquul aheyn. Abwaan runta doondoona ee isgoyska of Hinduism, jaahilnimada iyo kiristaanka. Waxa ay sheegaysaa inay caabudaan of walxaha dabiiciga ah: dabka ( "Qasiidooyinka of Fire"), dabaysha ( "Wind"), Badda ( "Baaq ku Badda"). Sidoo kale in 1903, ee soo bandhiga guriga "Murugo" daabacay buugga saddexaad, taajajka ugu sarreysa ee hal-abuurka Balmont, "jacayl oo kaliya. Semitsvetnik ".

halkii ay ka gunaanad

Lama raadin yihiin jidadka hal-abuurka. Xitaa Gabayaana sida "nimcada Ilaah," sida Balmont. Life iyo shaqo si kooban u tilmaamay isaga ka dib 1903 ee eray keliya - ". Dhicii" Sidaa darteed, Alexander Blok, dhab ahaantii noqday hogaamiyaha dambe ee calaamadda Ruush, in gaar ah oo dheeraad ah la qiimeeyey (ka dib buugga "Kaliya Love"), hal-abuurka Balmont. Waxa uu soo bandhigay inuu jawaab dilka, isagoo sheegay in ay jirto weyn Ruush Abwaan Balmont, iyo "Balmont cusub" - no.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagoo aan la naqdiya suugaanta ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, waxaan weli ku helay aqoon u leh shuqullada dabayaaqadii Konstantin Dmitrievich. Our xukunka: qiimihiisu reading, waxaa jira dad badan oo xiiso leh ... Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan leenahay ujeeddooyinka jirin in la qaado oo hadhuudh ah oo cusbo erayadii garabka. Indeed, ka barta of view of dhaleeceyn suugaanta sida gabayaa Balmont - calaamadda calanka, ka dib markii buugga "Kaliya Love. Semitsvetnik "laftiisa daallan. Sidaa darteed, waxaa macquul ah ka our dhinaca on this iyo buuxi sheeko gaaban oo ku saabsan nolosha iyo shaqada K. D. Balmonta, "qorraxda ee hanad" gabayada Ruush.