Kursk, 1943. The Battle of Kursk

Dadku waxay u, waxaan halmaamay in ay la soo dhaafay, mustaqbalka lahayn. Sidaas daraaddeed mar sheegay falsafo qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga Plato. In dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, "shan iyo toban Jamhuuriyadda Gabdhihiinna" midaysan "Great rus", adkaaday Dadka cudurku ku - fashiistanimo. Dagaal ayaa la calaamadeeyay by tiro ka mid ah guul Ciidanka Cas, kaas oo la odhan karaa waa furaha. theme of this article waa mid ka mid ah dagaalo muhim ah dagaalkii labaad ee dunida - Kursk, mid ka mid ah dagaalo muhiim ah in lagu calaamadeeyay xad ugu dambeeya ee awoowayaashii iyo awoowayaashii weyn-initiative istiraatiiji ah our. Tan iyo waqti in, ku qabsaday Jarmal waxay bilaabeen inay yareyso waddankaaga oo dhan. Dhaqdhaqaaqa ujeedo ah Lugbuur in West ah. Tan iyo waqti in, Jarmalka illowdeen waxa ay ka dhigan tahay in ay "gudbiyaan Bari."

isbarbar taariikhiga ah

Kursk iska hor imaad ka dhacay 05.07.1943 - 23.08.1943, at dalkii hooyo Ruush, in ka badan oo hal mar la qabtaa uu gaashaan Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky. Waxa uu digniin kuwii nebiyada in guulaysannaa Western (nooga yimid seef a) oo ku saabsan burburinta dhaw ee ciribtir Ruushka si ay seef kulmaan mar kale lahaa saamayn. Characteristically, wax Kursk sida dagaal, this Prince Alexander ee Knights Teutonic on Lake Peipus sano 05.04.1242. Dabcan, siday ciidammadoodu incommensurable, baaxadda iyo waqtiga oo ka mid ah laba dagaal. Laakiin abuurey oo ka mid ah laba dagaal ee wax la mid ah, ciidamada ugu weyn ee Jarmalka isku dayeen in ay jebiyaan oo si dhexe dagaal Ruush, balse waxaa la jajabiyey dagaal oo xanjaadka.

Haddii, si kastaba ha ahaatee, isku day waaqiciga ah, in la yidhaahdo waxa gaar Kursk, oo kooban waa sida soo socota: arag ah ee taariikhda (ka hor iyo ka dib) cufnaanta hawl iyo taatiko halkii 1 km ee hore.

dabeecada dagaalka ugu

Weerarka Ciidanka Cas ka dib markii ay Battle of Stalingrad ka November 1942 ilaa March 1943 ayaa la calaamadeeyay by guuldaradii of si cadowga 100 qaybsanaanta, ka North Caucasus, Don ah, Volga ku tuuraa. Laakiin in view of khasaare ay galeen kooxda in bilowgii guga 1943 hore dejiyo. Map of dagaal ee xarunta of safka hore ka dhanka ah kooxda Jarmalka, dhinaca ciidanka Hitler, waxay istaageen protrusions in ciidamada siiyey magaca faa'iido Kursk ah. guga 1943rd horteeda keeneen uu hakad: mid ka mid ma iman ciidamada, labada dhinac ka farxiyay soo uruuriyeen aan mar kale si uu u qabto in tallaabadaasi ay istiraatiiji ah.

Diyaarinta Nazi Germany

Ka dib guuldaradii of Stalingrad, Hitler dhawaaqay abaabulka, taas oo keentay in Wehrmacht koray in ka badan mowjadda khasaarahooda. "Under qoriga" waxa uu ahaa 9.5 million (2.3 million oo ay ku jiraan reserve). 75% ka mid ah ciidamada ugu badan dagaal-diyaar ku simaha (5.3 milyan oo qof) waxay ahaayeen kuwo ku hor Soviet-German.

Fuhrer The ugu xiisooday inuu u dhexda initiative istaraatiijiga ah ee dagaalka. dhibic ka leexdo, sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, lahaa inay dhacdo dhab ahaan qaybta hore, halkaas oo faa'iido Kursk ah. istaraatiijiyadeed "khan" waxaa loogu talo galay design ka mid ah shaqaalaha Wehrmacht. Qorshaha waxaa ku lug codsanaya wada in stroke Kursk (xagga woqooyi - ka degmo ee Orel, ee xagga koonfureed - ka degmo ee Belgorod). The "dheri" sidaas helay Voronezh iyo Lugbuur Dhexe.

By howlgal this on qayb this hore 50 kooxihii xuddun oo ay ku jiraan 16 taangi iyo kaxaynta gaadhi, wadar ahaan 0.9 million tiriyey xulay ciidamada si buuxda u shaqeeya, 2.7 kun oo taangiyada .; 2.5 kun oo diyaarad .; 10 kun. Hoobiyayaal iyo qoryaha.

Kooxdani waxa ay inta badan ahayd meel gaarka ah in ay hub cusub: taangiyada "Panther" iyo "Tiger" qoryaha weerarka "Ferdinand".

booska uu ka amarka Soviet

In diyaarinta ciidamada Soviet dagaalka si loogu bogi tayo hoggaamineed Taliye Ku-xigeenka Sare ee G. K. Zhukova. Waxa uu, ay la socdaan Chief ka mid ah Shaqaalaha General A. M. Vasilevskim sheegay in Taliyaha Sare jeedin in Stalin in Kursk noqon doonaa a site waaweyn ee mustaqbalka dagaalka, iyo sidoo kale qiyaas u saadaaliyay soo socda ee isutagga ciidanka cadowga.

On line hore ee naasiga ee ka soo horjeeda Voronezh (Taliyaha - General Vatutin N. F.) iyo Front Bartamaha (Taliyaha - General Rokossovsky KK) tirada guud ee 1.34 milyan oo qof. Ay hub ciidan ka koobnaa 19 kun oo madaafiic iyo qoryaha .; 3.4 kun oo taangiyada .; 2.5 th. Diyaarado. (Sida aad arki karto, faa'iido waxay ahayd ay kooxda). Secret ka dib cadowga ku qoran Lugbuur ku yaal heegan Steppe Front (amray I. S. Konev). Waxay ka koobnayd a haan, diyaaradaha iyo shan ciidammadii duurka, kaabaya dhismayaasha shaqsi.

Control iyo isuduwidda kooxdan ku qaadeen shaqsi ahaan G. K. Zhukovym iyo A. M. Vasilevskim.

Qorshaha dagaalka taatikada

Qorshaha Marshal Zhukov ee qiyaasayey in dagaal at socodyada Kursk waxay yeelan doonaan laba weji. First - difaaca, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - weerarka.

Waxaa ku qalabeysan shaan si qoto dheer (300 km si qoto dheer). Dhererka guud ee godod ay qiyaastii siman u masaafada "Moscow - Vladivostok". Wuxuu 8 khadadka awood difaaca waxaa bixiyey. Ujeeddada difaaca noocan oo kale ah waxay ahayd inay ku buriyaan cadowga, si ay isaga ka qaadid ah hindisaha, sida ugu badan ee suurto gal ah si loo fududeeyo hawsha soo socda. In wajiga labaad ee dagaalka ku weerar qorshayso fulinta oo ka mid ah laba dagaal. Koowaad: "Kutuzov" howlgalka si loo baabi'iyo kooxaha faashistihii iyo xoraynta magaalada "Eagle". Shirka labaad ee, "Rumyantsev" inuu baabbi'iyo-Belgorod Kharkov kooxaynta gumeystayaal.

Sidaas darteed, in Faa'iidada dhabta ah Red Army Battle of Kursk dhacay dhinaca Soviet "difaaca." Waayo, ficil weerar, sida tabaha baray loo baahan yahay in laba ama saddex jeer ka xoogbadan, in tirada ciidamada.

duqeyn

Waxaa dhacdo in ciidamada Nazi weerar lagu yaqaanay ka hor. Habeeynimadii ka mid ah injineerada Jarmal bilaabay aayado prodelyvat in keeye. sirdoonka safka hore Soviet xidhan Dagaallama oo wuxuu kaxaystay maxaabiista. From "luqadaha" ogaaday in time: 3-00 of 07.05.1943

jawaabta wuxuu ahaa degdeg ah oo ku filan, The 2-20 07/05/1943, ee Marshal Rokossovskim K. K. (taliyaha Front Dhexe), la ansixiyo oo ka mid ah Taliye Ku-xigeenka Sare ee G. K. Zhukova ciidamada madaafiicda safka hore la sameeyay duqeyn awood ka hortag ah. Waxa uu ahaa hal-abuurnimo in xeelad dagaal. Sida ay soo duulay ee lagu riday boqolaal "Katyusha", 600 qoryaha, 460 madaafiic. Waayo, naasiga waxay ahayd dhamaystiran la yaab leh, waxay khasaare.

Kaliya 4-30 urursadaan, waxay awoodi karaan inay ku qabtaan diyaarinta madaafiicda ay ahaayeen, iyo in la qaato 5-30 weerar. The Battle of Kursk bilaabay.

Bilowgii dagaalkii

Dabcan, ma dhammaan saadaalin laga yaabaa Guud our. Gaar ahaan, iyo shaqaalaha guud, iyo heerka la filayo naasiga ugu weyn laad jihada koonfureed, magaalada Eagle ah (kaas oo ilaaliya Taliyaha hore dhexe - General Vatutin N. F.). Dhab ahaantii, ka Battle of Kursk on qayb ka mid ah ciidamada dalka Jarmalka ayaa lagu muujiyey on Front Voronezh ah, xagga woqooyi. On ciidamada General Vatutina Nikolaya Fedorovicha dhaqaaqay laba batalyan oo ah taangiyada culus iyo siddeed iyo kala qaybsanaanta gaashaaman, Division of qoryaha weerarka, mid ka mid ah horyaalka heerka motoorka. In wajigii koowaad ee dagaalka ku jiray tuulo ugu horeysay kulkulul Cherkassy (shiidaa duminayaa in dhulka), halkaas oo laba kooxihii qoriga Soviet maalmood gudahood joojiyey weerar shan kooxihii cadowga.

Xeeladaha of weerar Jarmal

farshaxanka Martial waa nice, this War Great. Kurskaya Duga si buuxda u muujiyeen iska hor imaad u dhexeeya labada xeeladaha. Waxa ay u muuqatay sida weerar Jarmalka? Ka hor kulanka hore ee weerarka ayaa lagu dhaqaaqin qalab culus: 15-20 taangiyada "Tiger" oo qoryaha is-gano "Ferdinand". iyaga daba socday by konton boqol taangiyada dhexdhexaad "Panther", raaceen by lugta ah. dib u qubay, waxay isu urursaday oo soo noqnoqda weerarka. Weerarada ekaa baddu, ka dib markii mid ka mid kale.

Raac talo ah ee taariikhyahan military si fiican u yaqaan, Marshal Midowga Soofiyeeti, Professor Zaharova Matveya Vasilevicha, ha ma idealize muunad difaaceena ee 1943 qeexi doonaa ujeeddo leedahay.

Waxaan leenahay in ay ka hadlaan xeeladaha oo ka mid ah dagaalka taangiga Jarmal. Kurskaya Duga (waa in loo aqoonsado) soo bandhigay farshaxanka Colonel-General Hermann Hoth, ayuu "Yuhuudi", haddii aan la odhan kara oo ku saabsan si taangiyada, ayaa soo bandhigay in ay ciidanka 4aad dagaalkuu dhex galay. Isla mar ahaantaana, our ciidanka 40aad iyadoo 237 taangiyada, ugu qalabaysan madaafiic (35.4 halbeeg 1 km), hoos amarka General Kirilla Semenovicha Moskalenko ahayd ka badan ayaa bidixda, ie, shaqo. Horjeedda Gotu 6aad guud Army Ilaalada (Taliyaha IM Chistyakov) lahaa cufnaanta ah qoryaha on 1 km - 24.4 leh 135 taangiyada. Inta badan ciidamada 6aad, ma ugu awoodda badan, da'a saameynta of Group Army "South", kuwaas oo kooxda ahaa istiraatijiyadda ugu hibada Wehrmacht Erich von Manstein. (By habka, ninkan mid ka mid ah dhowr ah kuwaas oo si joogto ah ku dooday ee istaraatijiyad iyo xeeladaha of Adolf Hitler, kaas oo in 1944, dhab ahaantii, oo uu ku beeniyay ahaa).

dagaalka taangiga of Prokhorovka

In xaaladda hadda ay adag tahay, in la baabi'iyo nasashada, Army Cas la dhigay tallaabada kaydka istiraatiijiga ah: 5aad ilaalada Haanta Army (Taliyaha Rotmistrov PA) iyo Ciidanka Ilaalada 5aad (Taliyaha Zhadov A. S.)

Suurtagalnimada weerarka garabka ciidan taangiga Soviet ah tuulada of meesha Prokhorovka hore loo arkaa by Shaqaalaha Jarmal Guud. Sidaa darteed, Totenkopf kooxihii ' "iyo" Imperial "jihada dharbaaxo beddelmay 90 ⁰ - waayo dhaceen madaxa-on ciidan ee General Rotmistrova Pavla Alekseevicha ah.

Haamaha on faa'iido Kursk ah: dhinaca Jarmal dagaalka ku jiray 700 oo baabuurta dagaalka, iyadoo our - 850. The sawir cajiib ah oo aad looga cabsado. Sida by markhaatiyaal yeeri, guuxeen ahaa sida in dhiig awdeen soo baxay ee dhegihiisa. Gan lahaa stop ah, kaas oo ilaa munaaraddii kor burburto. By helitaanka cadowga ka gadaal iyo isku dayeen in ay dab ee taangiyada, kaas oo taangiyada qoryihii bexeen. Booyadaha ahaayeen sida haddii sujuud - weli nool, oo wuxuu lahaa oo ay u dagaalamaan. Si aad u Dumayn, waxay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn si ay u qariyaan.

Ciidamada Red ee Battle of Prokhorovka, talaabo geesinimo leh oo muujinaysa, weli khasaare weyn, halkii Jarmal ah. Farsamo 18 iyo 29 Panzer Corps ayaa la burburiyay toddobaatan boqolkiiba.

Haddii aan ka hadlo khasaaraha ka mid ah jabhada ee Battle of Kursk, Voronezh ah, Steppe iyo Lugbuur Central badiyay 177,8 kun oo qof, oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan 70 kun - .. Dhimatay. Voronezh Front ayaa sidoo kale ahaa "jabsaday" qoto dheer oo dhan. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixin helay by taariikhyahan, khasaaraha Jarmal lacag dhan in yar ka badan 20% bixilahaayeen.

marxaladda labaad ee hawlgalka

Nuugo 35 km oo khasaare weyn, Jarmalka ogaaday in in ay sii dhigteen ka guulaystay Ma yeeli karno taas, oo magaaladiina way bilaabeen ciidamada dib u dhac 16.07.1943. Voronezh iyo Lugbuur Steppe guurtay weerar booska iyo soo celiyo safka hore. Shaqaalaha Guud iyo heerka (waa in aan bixiyo canshuurtii) xeelad qabtay ee "daqiiqad runta" oo waxay galeen dagaalka reserve ah.

Si lama filaan ah kooxda Jarmalka "cusub" 08/03/1943 Bryansk Front soo ururtay in weerar, oo ay taageerayaan ciidamada ka xanjaadka u ah Steppe iyo Lugbuur Dhexe. 08/05/1943, ka dib dagaal culus oo Front Bryansk la xoreeyay Orel iyo Belgorod Steppe. xoraynta ee hawlgalka Kharkiv 23.08.1943 Kursk ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey. Khariidadda dagaalka waxaa ka mid ah wajiga daafaca (05-23.07.1943 g); Orlovskuyu hawlgalka ( "Kutuzov") 12.07-18.08.1943 g.; Belgorod-Kharkov hawlgalka ( "Rumyantsev") ee 03-23.08.1943

gunaanad

Ka dib guushii ay Ciidanka Cas badan Wehrmacht ee Battle of initiative istiraatiiji Kursk ugu danbeyn maray Ciidanka Cas. Sidaa darteed, dagaalka waxaa taas loo yaqaannaa tub in a dagaalkii labaad ee dunida.

Dabcan, si ay u weeraraan cadowga on wajiga koowaad ee howlgalka ahaa guddaan (haddii difaaca, waxaannu ugu khasaaray of mid ka mid ah shan, waxay noqon lahaa ku dul dhacdo?!). Isla mar ahaantaana askari Soviet garoonka dagaalka ayaa la sheegay geesinimo run. 100 000 oo qof ayaa loo dhigay amarada iyo bilado, iyo 180 oo ka mid ah la siiyay Hero of darajo sare Midowga Soofiyeeti ee.

In waqtigeena, maalintii ay qalin - August 23 - sano oo la kulmay kuwa dalka deggan oo sida Day ammaanta military ee Russia.