Master - waa lix sano oo waxbarasho ama jidka loo maro kursiga agaasimaha ee?

Tan iyo 2011, dhammaan hay'adaha waxbarashada sare ee Ruushka maray nidaamka laba-tier ah, taas oo muddo dheer ku dhaqma ee West ah. Tan waxa u sabab goysiga ah ee dalka, si ay nidaamka Bologna, kaas oo ujeedadiisu tahay in kor loo qaado tayada waxbarashada iyo helitaanka.

In la xidhiidha horumarinta this ayaa kor ma aha oo kaliya muddada tababarka, laakiin tirada arrimaha. Loo-shaqeeyayaasha si fudud aan loo isticmaalo karo xaqiiqada ah in shahaadada koowaad - shahaado jaamacadeed ka buuxa iyo Master ee - kama qalin jebiyaan, waxay leedahay laba sare, laakiin ardayda doonaysa inay qoto aqoon hore u helay oo kaliya.

In 1996 hore u dhaqma nidaam waxbarasho oo kale, laakiin waqti waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida habka keli ah oo indissoluble.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxbarashada Ruush leeyahay 3 heerarka tacliinta sare :

- Affarta;

- graduate;

- Master.

shahaadada A ayaa ku lug leh in muddo ah tababar afar sano. Mudadaas ka dib, ardayga waa in ay go'aansadaan in uu sii horumariyo doonaa. Haddii ardayga uusan awood u leeyihiin ama doonaya inay sii wataan waxbarashadooda, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la joojiyo on shahaadada koowaad ah, iyo haddii ay jirto rabitaan ah in uu naftiisa uga sooco, cilmiga ama sayniska, isagu waa wadada toosan in magistracy ah. Barnaamijka waxbarashada waxaa jira laba sano, ka dib markii taas waa in aad gudbin imtixaanka kama dambaysta ah, difaaca mashruuca final, iyo - voila, waxaan leenahay shahaadada Masterka ee. Taas macnaheedu waa in uu la siiyey heerka ugu sareeya ee waxbarasho xirfadeed. qalin waxay leeyihiin fursad ay ku bartaan wax si ka qoto dheer ka qortay iyo waqti dheeraad ah oo dhinaca wax ku ool ah ee u gaarka ah ku qaataan.

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee Master ee dareenka casriga ah ee erayga - waa tababbar maaraynta, in uu yahay horyaalka ugu han "Master" - waa tigidh galo degmada ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, Master wadada u furay in shirkadaha waaweyn ee Ruush ah iyo kuwa shisheeye.

Just qiyaasi rajada imisa ben la eray keliya fudud "sayidkayga"! Waxbarashada helay lix sano oo waxbarasho, iyo waxyaabo kale, waxay noqon doontaa filan dhaqanka sayniska iyo cilmiga.

Arin kale oo asaasi xirfadlayaasha undergraduate iyo graduate ka qalin - waa xaqiiqda ah in marka hore baray xirfadaha aasaasiga ah, iyo kii labaad oo leh aqoonta loo baahan yahay si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyin badan oo adag, sida sayidkiisa takhasuska "booto iyo cilmiga nukliyeerka" iyo "Wariye ka mid ah TV".

Arrinta labaad ee walaac in Russia: "Ma heli karaa a shahaadada Masters, haddii Baccalaureate qalin la" buluug "?".

On arrintan muddo dheer jiray khilaafaadka, iyo in 2012 Wasaaradda Waxbarashada saartay dokumenti in loo ogol yahay xaaladda this. Haddaba, ka "gudomiyaha" bachelor - jirto caqabad sida magistracy madax banaan aqoonsan yahay barnaamijka waxbarashada. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, shahaadada Bachelor weli waxay shardi u tahay gelitaanka ay u qalin jebiyaan dugsiga.

Gebogebadii, waxaan doonayaa in la ogaado sida waxbarashada, sayidyadooda ka badan baahida badan takhasus leh dhowr waxbarashada sare. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, maxaa yeelay, sayidkii - tani ma aha theoretician ah iyo dhakhtar aqoon aasaasi ah iyo xirfadaha lagama maarmaanka ah.