Meeday Carthage, iyo waxa uu ku ganaya on taariikhda?

Baydka Carthage - mid ka mid ah dalalka tirada yar, kuwaas oo hoos caqabad dhab in ay guuto Roman ee BC qarnigii saddexaad. Guushaan ayaa ka mid ah Rome keentay in dhamaadka ilbaxnimada weynaanta cajiib ah, iyo Carthage waxaa dulmiyo illoobay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, State ayaa sidoo kale guulayste guul iyo ciyaaryahanka geopolitical weyn dunida qadiimiga.

Carthage la aasaasay 814 BC by degay Foyiniinta Turos ka soo. Laakiin Foynike ay horey u qarnigii VIII ayaa lagu guulaystay by Ashuur in marka hore keentay in madax-bannaanida qaar ka mid ah deegaanada Foyiniinta, iyo marka labaad, dalka ayaa sababay horyaalka of badan oo ka mid ah dadka deggan (qaar ka mid ah ayaa degay gumeysi la soo dhaafay). Carthage noqday hoggaamiyaha cusub ee gobolka, degan dhulka ka mid ah Magaalooyinka hore. meeshii Carthage (halka ay juqraafi ahaan), ogolaatay in uu ma aha oo kaliya la xoojiyo, laakiin sidoo kale si tartiib ah u yeeshaan awoodda iyo saamaynta ee gobolka.

Waxay ku taallay xeebaha Waqooyiga Afrika, taas oo ka go'an in ay xukunkiisa iyo ganacsi guul badda. Maxkamadda, tallaabay Mediterranean, ciday ku maray inta u dhaxaysa Sicily (qayb ahaan ku yaalla ayaa muddo dheer heysatay by Kartajiniyaaniska ah, iyo ugu dambeyntii ka guulaystay horay qarnigii IV ee BC), kaas oo loogu tala galay Gobolka in la dhiso sharciyo u gaar ah ee badda. By VI qarnigii BC ee dadweynaha caasimadda ay gaareen 70 kun oo qof, oo waxay noqotay magaalada ugu weyn oo dhan Mediterranean galbeedka.

The ugu horeysay ee ay xafiiltamaan ee ciidamada halis ah oo gobolka ka noqday dad Gariig ah odayga, kuwaas oo bilaabay qarnigii VII ee, ay gumaysigii ee xeebta Mediterranean oo dhan. Gaar ahaan, in dagaalladii Greco-Faarisi ee qarnigii V ee Carthage qabtay kooxda reer Faaris. iska hor imaad Global la Gariigta ah la kulantay guul iyo guuldarro isku qasan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Carthage aad bay u balaariyay dhulkeeda inta badan ay sabab u tahay xeebta North African, xagga koonfureed oo reer Peninsula guulo iyo jasiiradaha qaar ka mid ah
Badda. guulaha dheeraad ah Carthage ganacsiga guul caan sidoo kale, taas oo ahayd isha ugu muhiimsan ee daryeelka dadweynaha. baayacmushtariyaasha waxay uga dhoofeen xeebaha saddex qaaradood - Europe, Asia, Africa, taasoo keentay in dad fara badan si loo ogaado meesha Carthage.

First Punic War

Kaliya ee III qarnigii BC xoojiyey Roman Republic noqon kartaa horjeeda halis ah in Carthage. colaad ay sabab u ahaa janjeera dabiiciga ah ee Latins ah in la ballaariyo tirada ay, taasoo keentay in xiriirka saaxiibtinimo horay u dhaxeeya bilaabay inuu dhanaan.

Dagaalkii koowaad Punic (Romans u yeedhay Kartajiniyaaniska punami ah) bilaabay in 264 BC, inta badan for Lagaga ee Sicily ee istaraatiijiga ah. Romans The heysatay dagaallada dalka, laakiin waxba ka leexin kara raxan ah ee Carthage. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya in 241, markii raxan iyo ciidankiisii Carthage horey loogu daalay, Romans waxay ahaayeen awoodaan in ay ka iyaga u gaar ah dadaal la soo dhaafay si ay u ururiyaan askari, dhaqaaqin tiyaatarka ee Africa. Adkaaday Romans ee jasiiradaha la dhameeyey Egatskih First Punic War, taas oo keentay in khasaaraha ka mid ah meel adag gobolka iyo tiro ka mid ah heshiisyada allifey Kartajiniyaaniska.

Dagaalkii labaad iyo saddexaad Punic

qaybtii labaad ee iska hor imaad ku xafiiltamaan istaahila in kasta oo kale ayaa lagu arkay 218. In isku day ah in aargoosi bilowga ay sare ee ciidanka, Hannibal Barca. Halkii duulaankii ee Jasiiradda by badda, Hannibal hogaaminayo ciidamada uu garab - iyada oo Spain iyo Alps ah, jidka ku guuleystay dhowr ah oo guul muhiim ah (ka mid ah oo dagaalka ku caanka ah ee laga tirada badan yahay ee Cannae in 216, dharbaaxo culus ku Jamhuuriyadda iyo dhaadhacyadii dhinaca Hannibal qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Italy). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Rooma weli ay awoodaan in ay u istaagaan, ka dibna mar kale u guurto dagaalka ee Africa. Ka dib markii taxane ah oo guul, waxay dib ay faa'iido military, oo aad u adkayn Kartajiniyaaniska xaaladda.

dagaalka ayaa muhim in go'aamisay guusha of Rome, wuxuu ahaa Battle of Zama ee 202. Mar kale, Carthage u suurtagashay in ay soo kabsadaan guuldaradii. Konton sano ka dib ayay magaaladii haddana u noqday mid ka mid ah ugu taajirsan ee badda Mediterranean. Waa meel, marka hore, braked dhaqaalaha of Rome, iyo marka labaad, waxaa si fudud u halis ahaa.

In 149 BC, Jamhuuriyadda xidhan dagaal saddexaad. Saxiixa heshiiska la colaadeed Carthage numudiyskim Massanissoy boqorka, Romans helay marmarsiiyo faragalin military. Ciidamo ku degay xeebta North Africa, halkaas oo Carthage, ciidanka Rome ee magaalada hareereeyey. Tani waxay u tageen on muddo saddex sano ah, laakiin ilaa dhamaaday waxaa qaadashada, burburinta gebi ahaanba iyo burburinta badan ee dadka. In mustaqbalka, magaalada sii waday in ay jiraan ilaa conquests Carabta, laakiin marnaba muhiimadda.

Xaggee Carthage casriga ah (more hufan, haraadiga ay), oo ku yaalla agagaarka deg deg ah oo magaalada Tunis - caasimadda ah ee gobolka eponymous Maghreb ah.