Mussolini Benito (jiryada): Biography. kaligii taliye The Italy

In tuulo yar oo Talyaani Dovia, July 29, 1883kii, ina tumaal deegaanka Alessandro Mussolini iyo schoolteacher Rosa Maltoni ilmaheedii ugu horreeyey waxa uu ku dhashay. Waxa uu la siiyey magaca Benito. Years ka dib, wiilka madow hasyo noqon lahaa kaligii taliye arxan, mid ka mid ah Aasaasayaasha xisbiga Fashistadii ee Italy, muquurtay dalka marxaladda ugu daran ee taliskii keligii iyo cadaadis siyaasadeed.

Dhalinyarada ah kaligii taliye mustaqbalka

Alessandro ahaa shaqaale niyada ka adag iyo qoyskiisa lahaa maal qaar ka mid ah in loo ogol yahay in ay kuu diyaarin dhallinyarada Mussolini Benito dugsi Catholic ee magaalada Faenza. Helitaanka waxbarashada dugsiga sare ah, uu bilaabay ku barayay fasalada hoose, laakiin noocan oo kale ah nolosha oo xammaal, iyo in 1902 macalin da 'yar ka tago for Switzerland. Waagaas Geneva waxaa ka buuxay qaxootiga siyaasadeed, ka mid ah taas oo si joogto ah isku bedbedeli doono iyo Benito Mussolini. Books K. Kautsky, PA Kropotkin, Marx iyo Somalisch mesmerizing saamaynta uu maanka.

Laakiin aragti ah ugu xoogga badan la sameeyey by shuqulka Nietzsche iyo fikradda "Superman". Marka on ciidda bacrin ah, waxa ay keentay in xukun ah in uu ahaa - Benito Mussolini - waxaa ku Qaddarray si ay u gutaan ujeedada weyn. Fikradda, sida laga soo xigtay oo qof ayaa hoos u dhigay heerka Madaxda haysa doortay, ayaa iyaga oo aan libiqsanayn aqbalay. Waxaa ma sababi shaki iyo fasiraadda dagaalka sida muujinta ugu sareeya ee ruuxa aadanaha. Oo sidaas ha loo dhigay aasaaska fikirka hoggaamiyaha mustaqbalka ee xisbiga Fashistadii ah.

Ku noqo Italy

Soon mucaaradka Socialist ka Switzerland eryey, oo mar kale ayuu yahay guriga. Halkan uu noqdo xubin ka mid ah xisbiga SF ee Italy iyo guul leh isagoo gacanta ku dayo ee saxaafadda. dhawaaqa ee ay a wargeyska "Halganka Class" yar oo lagu daabacay inta badan ay article u gaar ah, kaas oo heatedly dhaleeceeyay hay'adaha bulshada ganacsade. Ka mid ah dadweynaha ku meel author this ayaa la kulmay ansixinta, iyo in wakhti yar oo gaaban wareegga wargeyska ayaa labanlaabantay. In 1910, Mussolini Benito loo doortay ku xigeenka shirweynaha soo socda ee xisbiga SF, oo lagu qabtay magaalada Milan.

Muddadan magaca Mussolini bilaabaan inay dar Horgalaha "jiryada" - oo ah hogaamiyaha. Waxaa aad sasabashada inuu wax aan waxba tarayn. Laba sano ka dib, oo uu ku aaminay in ay madaxa hay'adda dhexe ee hantiwadaagnimadu ah - "! Avanti" wargeyska ( "Forward!"). Waxay ahayd u boodboodi weyn weeraryahanka in uu mustaqbalkiisa. Haddaba, ka hor inta aan laga furay fursad aad ku codsato in articles si ay dadka oo dhan malaayiin reer Italy. Oo Mussolini xaliyay saxiirtaas this. Halkan si buuxda shaaca ka qaaday inuu wariye yahay talanti. Waxaa ugu Filan in aan idhaahdo, inta lagu guda jiro sano iyo badh ah, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay kordhiyaan wareegga ah ee wargeyska shan jeer. Waxa uu noqday kuwa ugu caansan ee dalka.

Care xerada Socialist

Wax yar ka raaceen by inuu fasax la wadaajiseen hore. Tan iyo waqti in, Mussolini dhallinyarada madax wargeyska "The People of Italy", kaas oo, inkasta oo ay magaceeda, waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa danaha bourgeoisie weyn iyo oligarchy warshadaha. Isla sanadkaas waxaa u dhashay wiil ee sharci darrada ah ee Benito Mussolini - Benito saan. Wuxuu ayaa loo dhoofiyay si loo soo afjaro maalmood uu isbitaalka dhimirka, halkaas oo uu dhinto, oo hooyadiis - xaaskiisa sharciga, kaligii taliye mustaqbalka Ida Daltser. Muddo ka dib, Mussolini guursadaa Rachele Gaudi, kaasoo uu kula lahaa shan carruur ah.

In 1915, Italy, dukaamada ilaa waqti in dhex-dhexaad ah, soo galeen dagaalka. Mussolini Benito, sida badan oo ka mid ah uu la shaqayn jiray muwaadiniinta, waxay ahayd on hore. Bishii Febraayo 1917, ka dib markii toddoba iyo toban bilood, jiryada ahaa reserve dhaawaca oo ku soo laabtay hawlaha ay hore. Laba bilood ka dib, lama filaan ah ku dhacay, Italy ayaa guuldarro burburiyo by ciidamada Austria.

dhalashada ee xisbiga Fashistadii ah

Laakiin masiibo qaran, kaas oo ku kici boqolaal kun oo noloshooda, ayaa noqday wadadii uu Mussolini on wadada si xoog. veterans Recent, dadka cadhooday, oo daalan ay dagaalka, waxay abuurtaa urur loo yaqaan "Battle Midowga." In Talyaani waxaa codadka "Fashio de kombattimento". Tani waa "Fashio" iyo siiyey magaca mid ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa ugu baxsan - Farta.

Kulankii ugu horeeyay ee waaweyn ka mid ah xubnaha ururka lagu qabtay March 23, 1919. In ay qaadatay qiyaastii boqol dadka ka qayb-galay. Waayo, shan maalmood, annagu waxaan ku maqalnay khudbado ku saabsan baahida loo qabo in nooleenta ee weynaanta hore ee Italy iyo shuruudaha badan ee aasaaska xuquuqda madaniga ah ee dalka. Xubnaha ururkan cusub, loo yaqaan isu fashiistaha hadlay hadallo ay u dhan Talyaaniga, ka dhawrsada baahida loo qabo isbedel xagjirka ah ee nolosha ka mid ah gobolka.

The naasiga ee xoogga dalka

rafcaanka la mid ah ayaa lagu guuleystey, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan jiryada la doorto baarlamaanka, halkaas oo shan iyo soddon kuraasta iska lahaa naasigii. Xisbiga waxaa si rasmi ah ka diiwaan gashan November 1921, oo ay hoggaamiye ahaa Mussolini Benito. The oo safafka fashiistaha shub dhammaan xubnaha cusub. Bishii Oktoobar 1927 column ah kuwa uu samayn kumanyaalka kun ee reer March caanka on Rome, taas oo keentay in Mussolini noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha iyo saami oo keliya xoog leh King Viktorom Emmanuilom III. The Golaha Wasiiradda waxaa la aasaasay si gaar ah xubnaha xisbiga Fashistadii ah. Farsamo-habaabinayaan, Mussolini ahaa awoodaan in ay askareeyaan taageerada ee ay falsayeen Pope ka, iyo in 1929 Vatican noqday dal madax-bannaan.

La diriraan, ismana khilaafin

Farta, Benito Mussolini sii si loo xoojiyo loogana hortegi ee cadaadiska siyaasadeed ee ballaadhan - lagma maarmaan u ah dhammaan gumaysiga keligii. "A tribunal ammaanka gobolka gaar ah" waxaa la aasaasay, taas oo karti leh si loo xakameeyo, ismana khilaafin kasta. Inta lagu guda jiro jiritaankeeda, ka 1927 si ay u 1943, sidaas ayaa loo arkaa in ka badan 21,000 oo xaaladood.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in hadhay carshiga Boqortooyada, awoodda oo dhan waxaa ku urursan gacmaha jiryada ah. Waxa uu hogaaminayo waqti isku mid ah, todoba wasaaradood, wuxuu ahaa Ra'iisul wasaaraha, madaxa xisbiga iyo qaar ka mid ah hay'adaha fulinta sharciga. Waxa uu u suurtagashay in ay la baabi'iyo dhammaan xadka dastuurka uu awoodda. In Italy, taliska ah ee gobolka booliska. On top of amar la soo saaray mamnuucay dalka dhammaan xisbiyada kale siyaasadeed iyo baajinta doorashada tooska ah.

dacaayad siyaasadeed

Sida kaligii taliye kasta Mussolini lifaaqan muhiimad weyn si kor loogu qaado ururka. In jihada this, waxaa uu guulo badan, sida uu soo shaqeeyay saxaafada oo uu ka adkaan farsamooyinka of raadka ay ku leeyihiin miyir ah ee dadweynaha. Waajiyo badan isaga iyo olole taageerayaasha dacaayad qaaday ugu baahsan. Sawirrada jiryada buuxiyey bogagga wargaysyada iyo jaraaidka, soo jeeda oo suulka Poster iyo qoraalo, qurxiyey sanduuq of shokolaatada iyo baakooyinka daroogada. All Italy waxaa ka buuxsamay images of Benito Mussolini. Xigasho oo ka khudbado uu labalaabka ee u tiro badan.

barnaamijyada bulshada iyo dagaalka ka dhanka ah maafiyada

Laakiin caqli iyo fog arkay, jiryada ogaa in horumarinta waara kalsoonida dadkii la aan in ay lacag sameeyaan. Marka tan la eego, waxaa la horumariyaa oo la hirgaliyaa barnaamij dhamaystiran si kor loogu qaado dhaqaalaha dalka iyo hagaajinta heerka nolosha nololeed ee Talyaaniga ah. First of dhan, waxaan lagu fuliyay tallaabooyin si loola dagaallamo shaqo-la'aanta, si wax ku ool u kordhin doonaa shaqada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah barnaamijka uu waqti gaaban la dhisay in ka badan shan kun iyo shan beeraha beeraha iyo magaalooyinka. Ujeedada this, waxaan ka dhigay dheecaan ka biyagaleenka ahuba Pontine, dhul baaxad weyn in qarniyo wakiil Abdilaahi duumada.

Sababo la Qabto hoos jihada ee barnaamijka noqoshadii xoriyada dalka Mussolini ee, dalka heli doonaan ku dhawaad sideed milyan oo hektar oo dhul layaal. Toddobaatan iyo siddeed kun iyo yaroow ka meelaha ugu saboolsan ee dalka heshay meelaha bacrin ah iyaga. Inta lagu jiro sideed sano kowaad oo boqornimadiisa tirada isbitaalada ee Italy laabantay. Sababo la xiriira siyaasadda bulshada iyagii raacdaysteen by, Mussolini helay ixtiraam qoto dheer ma aha oo kaliya in uu dalka, laakiin sidoo kale madaxda wadamada horseedka u ah dunida. Inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa, jiryada ahaa awooda inuu inoo sameeyo wax aan macquul aheyn ee - ku dhawaad uu baabbi'iyey maafiyada caanka Sicilian.

xiriirka Military la Germany iyo entry galay dagaalka

In siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Mussolini dhashay qorshaha nooleenta ee Boqortooyada Roomaanka. In tababar, taas waxay keentay in qabashada hubaysan ee Itoobiya, Albania iyo meelo ka mid ah badda Mediterranean. Intii lagu guda jiray Civil Spain War Mussolini xoog badan oo soo diray si ay u taageeraan General Franco. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga this bilaabay dilaa, waayo, isaga isku daya in la Hitler, ayaa sidoo kale taageero waddaniyiinta Isbaanish. Ugu dambayntii, ay ururka la aasaasay sanadkii 1937 intii uu booqanayay Mussolini ee Germany.

In 1939, inta u dhaxaysa Germany iyo Italy ayaa saxiixay heshiis on gabagabeeyo isbahaysiga difaac iyo weerar, taas oo keentay in bisha June 10, 1940 Italy galo dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Ciidamada Mussolini ayaa ka qeyb qaadanaya shaqo ee France iyo weeraraan deegaanada British Bariga Afrika, iyo in October Galay Greece. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan guulaha maalmood ee ugu horreeya dagaalka siiyey si ay guul u qadhaadh. Ciidamada oo ka mid ah isbahaysiga la dagaalanka burcad-Hitler kor u qaadeen tallaabooyin ay dhammaan goobaha, iyo Talyaaniga ayaa la kala firxaday, iyadoo laga badiyay ka hor dhulka qabtay iyo siday khasaare culus. Si aad u samayso, xumaatooyin aan taasi ka sii daran, July 10, 1943 British la wareegeen qaybo ka mid ah Sicily.

Burburkii ee kaligii ah

hore ee lagu bedelay xamaasad universal qanacsanayn mass. Kaligii lagu eedeeyay siyaasadeed aragti gaabnaanta, iyadoo ay sabab u ahaa kaas oo dalka barbaro galay dagaalka. Waxaan xusuustay iyo-gudubyada ay awoodda iyo xakamaynta, ismana khilaafin, oo dhan yihiin Taangiyo ee siyaasadda gudaha iyo dibadda, kaas oo ka hor Benito Mussolini ogol yahay. Jiryada waxaa dejiyey by asxaabta uu ka posts oo dhan iyo qabtay. Ka hor inta maxkamadda, ayuu lagu qabtay mid ka mid ah hoteelada buurta, laakiin waxaa la xaday by paratroopers Jarmal hoos amarka caanka Otto Skorzeny. Wax yar ka dib qabsashadii Jarmal ee Italy.

Masiirka siiyey fursad ay ku jiryada hore qaar ka mid ah waqti ay madaxa dawladda puppet ah qotomiyey by Jamhuuriyadda Hitler. Laakiin denouement la socdo. Dhamaadka April 1945 kaligii taliye hore oo uu sayidaddeedii Clara Petacci qabtay by Awliyadiisa markii uu isku dayay in uu la Koox ka mid ah oo isaga saaxiibbadiis ah in uu ka tago Talyaaniga si sharci darro ah.

fulinta Benito Mussolini iyo saaxiibtiis raacay by April 28. Waxay la toogtay oo ku taal duleedka tuulada Mezzegra. Later jidhkooda la geeyay Milan iyo sudhay by cagaha ayay ku square magaalada. Sidaas maalmood ayuu ku dhamaaday Benito Biography Mussolini in ay wax xaqiiqo ah u gaar ah, laakiin guud ahaan waa caadi ah in inta badan ee kali.