Nikkel - waxa uu yahay waxan? sifooyinka nickel

Waxa ay ahayd 1751. In a saynisyahan yar Swedish sabab Axel Frederick Krondstedtu muuqday element lambarka 17. Waqtigaas wuxuu ahaa 12 oo keliya biraha loo yaqaan, oo lagu daray baaruud, fosfooraska, arsenic iyo carbon. Waxay qaateen magaca cusub isaga oo uu shirkadda ee - nickel.

A yar oo taariikh

Sanado badan ka hor laga helay mucjisada ah ee macdan qodayaasha ka Saxony ahaayeen yaqaanaan ore, taas oo noqon kartaa qaldo copper ore. Isku day in copper ka wax this laga saaro ayaan lagu guuleeysan. Dareenka khiyaameeyay, ore bilaabay in loogu yeedho "kupfernikel" (ee Ruush - "Copper Devil").

ore Tani khubaro xiiso on macdanta Krondstedt. Ka dib markii dhibaato badan si ay u helaan biraha cusub, kuwaas oo ay u yeedheen nickel. Burhaantiisa Research dhexda Bergman. Waxa uu intaas ku daahir yeelay biraha iyo garawsannay in element this ekaan bir yimid.

guryaha jirka ah ee nickel

Nikkel ku jira group tobnaad xubno iyo kaydiyaa muddo afraad, hoos tirada qaaradda miiska wareegsan ee miiska 28. Haddii aad ka bixi doonaa calaamad Ni, waa nickel. Waxay leedahay cado jaale ku salaysan lacag ah. Xataa at hawada bir ma noqon anfac badan. Adag oo adag oo ku filan. Waxaa yaridda laftiisa in la been abuurtay, sidaa darteed waxaad samayn kartaa waxyaabaha aad u wanaagsan. Dhammaataan safeeyey. Nikkel sawiri karaa magnet ah. Xataa at heerkul ah 340 darajo oo la jaray a saxiixa sifooyinka la arki karo magnetic of nickel. Nikkel - bir ah in uu u adkaysto daxalka. Wuxuu falcelisa daciif ah. Maxaa laga odhan karaa oo ku saabsan guryaha kiimikada ee nickel ah?

kiimikaad

Maxaa loo baahan yahay si loo ogaado kooban oo tayo leh ee nickel ah? Waxaa jiri mar kala iibsiga ee atamka (kuwaas oo tiradoodu) ka kooban yahay our biraha. mass The gaws (sidoo kale loo yaqaan miisaanka qaaradda) uyeelaysaan kuwo 58.6934 (g / mol). Iyadoo dhinacyada sii gudubtay. gacan The eb biraha our 124 pm. Marka lagu qiyaaso gacan ra'iyi ah, natiijada tusay (+ 2e) 69 nm iyo 115 nm tirada - waa gacan covalent ah. On baaxadda crystallographer caanka ah iyo Pauling farmashiyaha electronegativity weyn waa loo siman yahay si 1,91, iyo awood u of e - 0,25 V.

tallaabo hawada iyo biyaha ee nickel ku dhawaad laga samri karo. Isla ayaa laga odhan karaa of alkali. Waa maxay sababta biraha si ay jawaab? Its dusha loo abuuray NiO. daahan Tani waa filim oo aan oxidize. Haddii nickel kulka heerkulka si aad u sarreeya, ka dibna waxa uu bilaabmaa si ay u muujiyaan dareen-celin la oxygen, iyo sidoo kale u dhaqmo la halogens, dadka kale ee.

Haddii nickel galaa nitric acid, falcelinta dheer ma qaadan doonaa. Waxaa sidoo kale diyaar firfircoonaan in xal la ammonia.

Laakiin ma aha oo dhan of acid ah u dhaqmo on nickel. acids noocan oo kale ah sida Hydrochloric iyo sulfuric acid, waxaa la kala diri aad u tartiib ah, laakiin xaqiiqada ah. Isku day in la mid ah la phosphoric acid sameeyo si nickel guud ahaan aan ku guulaysan.

Nikkel ee dabiiciga ah

saynisyahano Wararka la soo gabagabeeyey in muhimka ah ee dhulkeenna - waa daawaha ah, taas oo ka kooban 90% bir ah iyo nickel in 10 jeer ka yar. Waxaa hortiisa ah oo Cobalt - 0.6%. Inta lagu jiro wareeg ee daahan la soo xulay lakabka dhulka ee atamka nickel. Waxay sidoo kale waa aasaasayaasha tayadda ore copper-nickel, naxaas iyo cawl. Qaar ka mid ah ma atamka nickel xarfaan, halkaasna kuma joogsan oo la furo jid horsocod ah. On dusha sare atamka loo raadinaayo in shirkadda la chromium, magnesium, birta. Dheeraad ah, our asaxaabta biraha waxaa oxidized iyo unclipped.

On dusha sare ee dhulka ka dhacaan iyo dhagaxyada ultrabasic acid. U fiirsasho ah aqoonyahaniinta, content nickel dhagaxyada acidic waa aad uga yar tahay in ultramafic ah. Sidaa darteed, ciidda iyo Dhirta waxaa si fiican u xoojiyey nickel. Laakiin safarka ee geesiga hoos dood ee biosphere ah, iyo biyaha ma ahaa si la dareemi karo.

ore nickel

senti warshadaha iyo nickel kala qaybsan yihiin laba nooc.

1. Tayadda copper-nickel. Macdanta: magnesium, pyrrhotite, Kuban, Miler, petlandit, sperrylite - taasi waa waxa ku jira senti kuwan. Mahadsan magma in iyaga la sameeyey. From tayadda senti sidoo kale noqon kartaa palladium, dahab iyo aad u badan.
2. ore nickel silicate. Waxay yihiin dabacsan, si la mid ah dhoobo. Ore noocan ah waa ferruginous, siliceous, magnesia.

Xaggee lagu dabaqi karo Nikkel

Nikkel waxaa aad loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha ee sida xoogga badnaa sida birta. Magac ahaan, in soo saaridda ee kala duwan oo Alloys. Inta badan ee daawaha ka mid ah birta, nickel oo Cobalt. Waxaa jira Alloys badan, taas oo ku salaysan yihiin nickel login ah. Waxaa isku xira daawaha biraha our, sida titanium, chromium, molybdenum. Nikkel sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si ay u ilaaliyaan waxyaabaha ay tahay in si deg deg ah ay idlayso. nickel Alaabta Tani, in uu yahay, si ay u abuuraan daahan gaar ah nickel in laga hortago in ragaasi si ay u sameeyaan ay ganacsi xun.

Nikkel - Hannaan aad u wanaagsan. Sidaa darteed, waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in industry kiimikada. qalabka Tani, galaasyada, mashiinada codsiyada kala duwan. Waayo, kiimikooyinka, cuntada, saldhigyada bixinta, kaydinta of saliidaha lagama maarmaanka ah loo isticmaalo taangiyada iyo taangiyada sameeyey qalabka nickel. Aan biraha Ma yeeli karno in technology qaaradda, telefishanka, in noocyo kala duwan oo qalab, liiska oo waa mid aad u dheer.

Haddii aad eegto gudbikaraa this, sida qalabka, raaceen oo duurka ku of injineernimada farsamada, waxa aan arki karnaa in anodes iyo cathodes - a go'yaal nickel. Markaasaa waxaa taas ma aha liiska oo dhan isticmaalka sida biraha la yaab leh. Ha dhayalsan qiimaha nickel iyo daawo.

Nikkel in daawo

Nikkel waxaa loo isticmaalaa in daawada waa mid aad u ballaadhan. Si aad u bilawdo, ha noo qaado qalabka loo baahan yahay howlgalka. Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay hawlgalka ku xiran tahay ma aha oo kaliya on dhakhtarka, laakiin sidoo kale tayada alaabta muusikada ah, kaas oo uu u shaqeeyo. Alaabtii ku xiran jeermiska badan, iyo haddii ay ka samaysan yihiin daawaha ah in uusan ka mid ah nickel, daxalka ma aha dheer in ay sugaan. Iyo qalab ka samaysan bir, taas oo ka kooban nickel, nolol aad uga dheer.

Haddii aan ka hadlo implants ah si aad u sabeyn Alloys nickel. steel Nikkel xoogga sare. Qalabka for qamaar lafaha, ilkaha sanaaciga ah, boolal - oo dhan ka steel this dhigay. In ilkaha, implants, sidoo kale, qaaday jagooyinka ay xoog. Qabsato, ahama qawsas orthodontists isticmaalaan.

Nikkel ee noolaha

Haddii aad eegto dunida ka hoose-up, sawirka ku saabsan yahay this. Under cagaha our ciidda. content nickel The waxa ku jira in ka badan in daaqsinka. Laakiin haddii aynu ka fiirsan Dhirta hoosteeda ku soo askunmay, taas oo aan ka welwelsan tahay, content sare ee nickel waa in legume ah. A nickel boqolkiiba kordhay dalagga firileyda.

Tixgeli si kooban content nickel celcelis ahaan in dhirta, badda iyo xoolaha jidhadhka dhulka. Dabcan, in qofka. cabbirka waa in boqolkiiba miisaanka. Sayidka, mass ee nickel in dhirta 5 * 10 ^-5. xayawaanka jidhadhka 1 * 10 ^-6, xayawaanka badda 1.6 * 10 ^-4. Oo content nickel Human 1-2 * 10 ^-6.

Doorka nickel ee jirka aadanaha

qof caafimaad qaba oo qurux badan aad rabto in aad had iyo jeer noqon. Nikkel - waa mid ka mid ah macdanaha ugu muhiimsan ee jirka aadanaha. Nikkel caadi ururayaa in sambabada, kelyaha iyo beerka. raasamaal nickel in aadanuhu waxaa laga helaa timaha ka mid ah thyroid iyo xammeetida. Oo sidaas maaha oo dhan. Waa maxay macnaha birta ee jirka? Markaas si ammaan ah waxaan dhihi karaa in isaga iyo Sweden, iyo kan gooya, oo igrets dude ah. kuwaas oo:

• aan guul, isku dayayaan in ay caawiyaan bixiyaan unugyada la oxygen;
• shaqada lagu qayilo-reduction in unugyada ayaa sidoo kale ku dhicin on garbaha nickel,
• ma ka waaban inaad ka qayb qaadato sharciyeynta heerka jirka ee hormoon;
• si ammaan ah oxidizes vitamin C,
• Waxaa la soo sheegnay waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ku lug-shiid baruurta,
• Nikkel saamayn weyn ku dhiigga.

Waxaan jeclaan lahaa in la ogaado muhiimada weyn ee nickel in gacanta. microelement ilaaliyaa xuub gacanta iyo acids nucleic, kuwaas oo ay design.

Inkastoo liiska xagga shuqullada istaahila in nickel la sii wadi Karin. Laga soo bilaabo kor ku xusan, waxaan la soco in jirka nickel u baahan yahay. macdanta raad Tani ee jidhkeena ka timaadaa cuntada. Sida caadiga ah nickel in ku filan jidhka, maxaa yeelay, waa in qayb ilaa xad ah. Alarm dawanno la'aanta biraha our - Waa muuqaalka kore ee dermatitis. Halkan waxaa ku qoran qiimaha nickel in aadanuhu.

Alloys of nickel

Waxaa jira Alloys badan oo kala duwan nickel. Halkan waxa ku jira ugu weyn ee saddex kooxood.

Kooxdu waxay ugu horeysay ka mid ah Alloys of nickel iyo copper. Waxaa loo yaqaan Alloys nickel-copper. In waxa Joogaba, ma u dhisnayd lahaa labadan cunsur, natiijadu waa cajiib ah iyo ugu muhiimsan - kadis ah ma. daawaha dhqaalaha waa la hubaa. Haddii ay jiraan copper joogo in ka badan nickel, waxaa dheeraad ah si xoog leh ka muujiyay guryaha oo naxaas ah, iyo haddii nickel ah u dega, soo bandhigaa daawaha nickel qof.

Alloys Nikkel-copper waa caan ah wax soo saarka ee lacagta birta ah, qaybaha mishiinka. Daawaha Constantine, kaas oo ku dhawaad 60% oo ah naxaas, iyo nickel dheelitirka, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la abuuro qalab ah oo sax sare.

Tixgeli daawaha la nickel iyo chromium. Nichrome. Adkaysi u daxalka, acid, kulaylka u adkaysta. Alloys noocan oo kale ah loo isticmaalo matoorada diyaaradaha, tigoodu nuclear, laakiin waa keliya haddii ay soo bandhigaan si ay 80% nickel.

Waxaan sii soco ilaa kooxda saddexaad Alloys. Waxaa Alloys bir. u qaybi 4 nooc.

1. Heat u adkaysta - adkaysi u heerkulka sare. daawaha Tani waa ku dhawaad 50% ka kooban nickel. Waxaa laga yaabaa in isku-dar ah molybdenum, titanium, aluminium.
2. Magnetic - permeability kordhay, inta badan loo isticmaalaa in injineernimada korontada.
3. Anticorrosion - aan daawaha this ma aan samayn karo wax soo saarka ee qalabka kiimikada, iyo sidoo kale marka kashaqaynta deegaanada halista ah. daawaha waxaa ka mid ah molybdenum.
4. Daawaha in waligiiba size iyo adayg. thermocouple A ee foornada. Waxaa halkan waa in ay jirto daawaha oo caynkaas ah. Marka kululeeyo dhinacyada size badbaadiyey iyo barti uu lumo. nickel sida lagama maarmaanka ah si daawaha leh guryaha oo kale ahaa? Birta in daawaha waa in ay ahaataa qiyaastii 40%.

Nikkel guriga

Hadii aad hareerahooda eegto, waxaad ka arki kartaa in Alloys nickel isku wareejiyeen meel kasta oo qof. Bal aan ka bilowno alaabta guriga. Daawaha ilaaliya salka alaabta ka dhaawac, waxyeelo. Fiiro gaar ah u accessories ah. In kastoo on daaqadda, xataa on alaabta guriga. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa waqti dheer iyo u muuqataa mid aad u fiican. Waxaan sii wadi safar our musqusha. Halkan, jidka nickel-free. Madaxda qubeyska, waalka, fiicni - wax walba waa nickel-plated. Tani waxay suuro gelineysaa in la ilaawo daxalka in sida. aad ma ay ceeboobi doonaan si loo eego wax soo saarka, maxaa yeelay waxa ay u egtahay wax fiican oo uu xusay in Qurxinta ah. Details la nickel-plated laga helay qaab-dhismeedka madaxtooyada.

Nikkel ma la odhan karaa biraha yar yar. macdanta iyo senti kale ku faani karo ee nickel. Anigu waa ku faraxsanahay in element noocaas ahi ay jirto on dhulkeenna, iyo xitaa in jidhka bini'aadamka. Halkan waxa uu u ciyaaraa violin ah ee geedi socodka hematopoietic, iyo xitaa DNA. Si ballaaran loo isticmaalo farshaxanka. Its nickel eegidda helay iyada oo iska caabin ah kiimikada marka daahan difaaca.

Nikkel - bir ah in uu leeyahay mustaqbal weyn. Indeed, in meelaha qaarkood waa lagama maarmaan.