Progressive garabka ee Duma ee

Progressive garabka - arrin u gaar ah taariikhda nidaamka baarlamaanka qaranka. Tani waa tusaale ugu horeysay, markii xisbiga isla weynida ah in meelo badan la aasaasay hore u midoobaan la dagaallanka rogid ee dalka yaamayska ee dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda. In xaaladaha adag ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka socday bulshada deeqsi ah ayaa isku dayay in ay wadaagaan mas'uuliyadda la -Raaxaysta- ah, laakiin Nicholas II on wax tanaasulaad khatar ah ma doonayaan in ay tagaan in ugu danbeyn keentay in khasaaraha ka mid ah ay awood wayn iyo in burburkii Empire Ruush ah.

Progressive bahoobay: Background abuurka

Abuurista garabka Progressive ee Duma ah - natiijo macquul ah ka dhacay mudadaas dalka horumar dhaqan-dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed. Russia ayaa goysiga si August 1, 1914 ee Dagaalkii Adduunka waxaan ka dhigay flash aad u dhalaalaya oo xamaasad guud ahaan dalka. Ha leexan joogo iyo wakiillo ka socda ku dhowaad dhammaan kooxaha of Duma Gobolka. Marka laga aragtidooda siyaasadeed iyo arday iyo Octobrists iyo Trudoviks soo bandhigay taageero ay si buuxda u Dawladda Nicholas II, iyo dadka ugu baaqay in ay midoobaan in wajiga of khatar ku soo fool Fatherland ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, loo dhanyahay this cadaato flash gaaban. Dagaalka jiiday on, halkii ay guul u ballan qaaday oo ku biiray "ciidanka Constantinople qadiimiga 'soo gaaray taxane ah oo lesions xasaasi ah. Koray cod buunkii aan matalayay ee Duma, Bolsheviks ah, kuwaas oo lagu eedeeyay Nicholas II dagaalka ee danaha saarka weyn iyo maal, oo wuxuu u yeedhay askartii loo diray inay hubka afgembiyaan boqortooyada. racfaanka waxay ku dhacday ka dhanka ah asalka ah ee sii xumaanaya xaaladda dhaqaale ee dalka iyo "marti wasiir" in madaxda sare ee xoogga. Aasaasidda garabka Progressive ee xaaladaha sida noqday Qolyihii macquul ugu dambeeyey ee isbedel nabadeed si ay u ilaaliyaan xasiloonida dalka.

Geedi socodka ah ee la abuurayo

Bilowgii ah miyi ah habka midoobidda dhigay tiro ka mid ah dhinacyada, kaas oo ka dhacay June-July 1915. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in inta u dhaxaysa isku mid ah arday iyo Octobrists waxay ahaayeen kala duwan oo aad u muhiim ah, waxay ku dhow yihiin heesaya ayaa sheegay, in xaaladda ka jirta dalka iyadoo ay sabab u guul dhinacyo waxay bilaabeen inay si degdeg ah sii dari. Si loo xasiliyo xaalada, waxaa la soo jeediyey in la isu geeyo dadaalka ciidamada deeqsi iyo eryan gooyo abuuro dawlada masuul ka ma aha oo kaliya isaga, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u taliyayaashii. August 22, dhaxayso lix kooxood ee Duma State iyo saddex - heshiiska la saxiixay Golaha State, kuwaas oo noqday kuwa loo yaqaan garabka Progressive ah.

Gaar ahaan shaqaalaha ee ku bahoobay Progressive ah

qayb aad u cajiib ah ururka this siyaasadeed. Si rasmi ah, kooxaha ugu weyn, hoos u soo baxay ayay ka galay, waxay ahayd a "Midowga of October 17", laakiin siyaasad aad u dhawrsataan ururka this ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in wakiilkiisa ayaa la dhigay ilaa dheeraad ah sida tanaasul dowladda ka badan si ay u soo gudbin wax shuruudo adag. Sidaa darteed, hoggaamiye si deg deg ah u yimid wakiilada xisbiga arday ah , madax ka Pavlom Milyukovym. Democrats Dastuurka arkaa abuurka ah ee ku bahoobay Progressive ah, sida tallaabo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan habka ay u dhabta ah ee Ruush Boqortooyada dastuurka. Arday si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa suurtogalnimada ururka in ay ku tiirsanaayeen shuruudaha barnaamijka ay, iyo sidoo kale kaalin firfircoon uga Saf wakiilada xisbiyada kale ay.

Sidoo kale in garabka Progressive ah oo ka kooban wakiillo ka socda kooxaha ka, sida ku-Zemstvo Octobrists, waddaniyiinta, on a madal horusocod ah, centrists iyo progressives taagan. Guud ahaan, Duma State ee ururka cusub ee ka mid ah 236-xigeen, sida haddii ay ku lifaaqan iyaga iyo ku xigeenadiisa Council State si, aad u hesho tiradaasi oo ah mid aad u cajiib ah oo ah saddex boqol oo qof. hogaamiyaha rasmiga ah ee mid ka mid ah madaxda ka mid ah "Midowga of October 17" loo doortay Meller Zakomelsky ee xafiiska block ka mid ahaa 25 qof, kuwaas oo waxqabad ugu weyn khilaafeen Milyukov, Efremov, Szydlowski iyo Shulgin.

Progressive garabka ee Duma ah: barnaamijka iyo shuruudaha aasaasiga ah

The salaysan barnaamijka urur-siyaasadeedka cusub ee Duma State waxay ahaayeen dhowr ah qodobada ugu muhiimsan. Marka hore, tani waa iscasilaadda Wasiirrada iyo abuurista dawlad cusub oo keliya ma ku raaxaysan doonaa kalsoonida inta badan ee wakiilada iyo taliyayaashii, laakiin sidoo kale diyaar u ah in ay wadaagaan mas'uuliyadda la "progressives." Marka labaad, Dowladda cusub ee samaynta barnaamij hawleed si loo ilaaliyo nabadda bulshada ee dalka, iyo isu-qaybinta cad awoodaha ee u dhexeeya maamulka rayidka ah iyo military. Ugu dambeyntii, markii saddexaadna qaar, abuurista garabka Progressive ee Duma, sida ay Aasaasayaasha ay, waxaa la filayey inay damaanad ah ku dhaqanka sharciga ee dalka.

Oo ka mid ah hawlaha gaarka ah ee madaxda hay'ad siyaasadeed cusub la soo jeediyay in la qabto mustaqbalka dhow, waxaa xusid mudan go'aanka ah su'aasha qaran ee dalka. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaa la soo jeediyey in la siiyo xuquuq siman quruumihii kale oo Yuhuudda waxay siin madaxbannaani ballaadhan in ay Poland iyo Finland ay u soo celiso dadka reer Galicia. Intaa waxaa dheer, ku bahoobay Progressive ee Duma ee qiyaastii isla markii ay formation ayaa ka hor Dowladda arrinta cafis loogu talagalay maxaabiista siyaasadeed iyo billaabidda howlaha ururka shaqaalaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa ururinta ah ee sheegashada kuwaas ayaa sababay iska caabin adag ma aha oo kaliya by Golaha Wasiirrada, laakiin sidoo kale wakiillo ka socda kooxaha monarchist in Duma ah.

The dhibaatada iyo dhammaadka hawsha

Progressive garabka ka dhergay Halabuurka kala duwan, kuwaas oo uu sharaxayaa khilaaf ah oo halis ah xubnihiisa. dulucdii The oo ka mid ah hawlaha ururka, kanu wuxuu ahaa waxqabadka bishii August 1916 oo ah tiro ka mid ah xubnaha ka dhanka ah dowladda iyo hoggaamiyaha ay Iyadoo. dhaleeceyn u adag, oo waxaa lagu sakhiray, gaar ahaan, Miliukov, madaxa golaha wasiirada lagu qasbay inuu iscasilo, laakiin aasaas line dowladda uusan waxba iska badalin. Tani, markeeda, ayaa kor u xiisado halis ah oo u dhexeeya garabka qunyar socodka ah ee block iyo ka badan si qoto dheer maskax siiyey "progressives." Ka dib markii taxane ah oo wada hadal, ugu danbeeyay ee bishii December 1916, ka tagay garabka Progressive ah. Ka hor inta February Revolution ka ahayd oo keliya dhowr toddobaad.

natiijooyinka niyadjabka

Abuurista garabka Progressive ee Duma ee u muuqdeen in ay siiyaan fursad ay nabadda ee dalka in ay ka gudbaan dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ee uu keeno fashilaad of Russia ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, unavailability ee xoogga Imperial si ay samaynayaan tanaasulaad khatar ah, oo ay weheliso ka burinaya gudaha ku bahoobay uma ay oggolaan fursaddan si ay u noqdaan dhab ah.