Schleiden iyo Schwann - wastaadyo horeysay aragti cell

physiologist Ruush Ivan Pavlov iska leh barbardhigo Science goobta dhismaha, halkaas oo aqoonta sida blocks dhismaha siiyaan nidaamka aasaaska. Iyo aragti cell iyo Aasaasayaasha ay - Schleiden iyo Schwann - wadaago by naturalists iyo saynisyahano badan, iyo kuwa raacsan ay. Mid ka mid ah abuuray ka mid ah aragtida ah ee qaab-dhismeedka gacanta of noolaha Virchow mar yiri, "ee saaran garbaha Schwann Schleiden taagan." Waxay ahayd shaqada wadajirka ah ee labada saynisyahano iyo la hadli doonaa maqaalka. About aragti gacanta of Schleiden iyo Schwann.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

At da'da lix iyo labaatan sano qareen dhallinyarada Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881) go'aansaday inuu naftiisa beddelo, ka badan ma at dhan ku faraxsan qoyska. Tuuraya dhaqanka sharciga, uu wareejiyay Kuliyadda Caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda Heidelberg. Oo 35 sano wuxuu noqday professor a at the Department of cilmi barasho dhir iyo Physiology University of dhirta Jena. Hawshoodu Schleiden arkay soo oogayaa hab ay faafin of unugyada. In shuqulladiisii uu si sax ah loo aqoonsaday eegidda ee xudunta u ah geedi socodka taranta, laakiin ma aanan arkin isaga mid ah in qaab-dhismeedka geedka iyo xoolaha unugyada.

In article ah "On su'aasha ah ee dhirta" (1844) ayuu ku dooday wax caadi ah in qaab-dhismeedka unugyada dhirta, iyadoo aan loo eegin meesha ay ku yaalaan. Dib uu article qoray physiologist Jarmal Iogann Myuller, ku xigeenka oo wakhtigaas ahaa Theodor Schwann.

wadaadkii ku guuldareysatay

Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) bartay Kulliyadda Philosophy oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Bonn, maxaa yeelay, waxaan u maleeyey in ay jihada dhow riyadiisii - inuu wadaad ka noqoto. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xiisaha taariikhda dabiiciga ahaa si xoog leh in University Theodore hore u qalin Kuliyadda ee Medicine. Shaqeynta sidii kaaliye gudbiyo I. Müller, muddo shan sano ah, wuxuu u sameeyey daahfurtay in badan in uu noqon doono ku filan saynisyahano qaar ka mid ah. Tani ogaanshaha pepsin in juice gastric iyo xuubka macdantaa dareemayaasha. Waxa uu ahaa kii cadeeyay ka qaybgalka tooska ah ee gjærsopper geedi socodka halsano ah.

Saaxiibadayda

Beesha sayniska ahayd Germany ma aha mid aad u sareeya. Sidaas darteed, la kulanka saynisyahano Jarmal Schleiden iyo Schwann lagu shaabadeeyey. Waxa ay ka qaadatay in cafe ah in mid ka mid ah nasashada qadada, in 1838. asxaabta mustaqbalka wada hadlaan shaqadooda. Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann wadaago uu aqoonsi helo oo ka mid ah nuclei unugyada. Ku cel-celinta tijaabo ah Schleiden, Schwann barashada unugyada xayawaanka. Waxay xiriiraan badan oo noqday saaxiibo. Oo sannad ka dib waxaa jira shaqo wadajir ah "oo baaritaan ah oo la mid ah ee qaab-dhismeedka iyo horumarka ka mid ah unugyada hoose isir xoolaadka ah iyo cuntada," taas oo sameeyey Schleiden iyo Schwann aasaasayaasha cilmiga gacanta, qaab-dhismeedkooda iyo shaqaynaya.

Fikradda ah qaab-dhismeedka gacanta

postulate ugu weyn, kaas oo ka tarjumaya shuqulka Schwann iyo Schleiden, - taasi waa waxa nolosha waa in unugyada noolaha oo dhan. shaqada ee Jarmal kale - pathologist Rudolfa Virhova - in 1858 ugu dambeyntii keeni caddeeyo in ay unugyada geeddi socodka muhiim ah. Waxa uu ahaa kii shuqulka Schleiden iyo Schwann postulate cusub ku daray. "Cell kasta oo unug", - uu joojiyo qarniga lama filaan ah ee arrimaha nolosha. Rudolfa Virhova badan oo ka fiirsan a co-author, iyo ilaha qaarkood u isticmaalaan hadal "Aragti gacanta of Schwann, Schleiden, iyo Virchow."

cilmiga casriga ah ee qafis

Mid ka mid ah boqol iyo siddeetan sannadood ayaa ka soo wareegtay tan iyo markii la joogo, waxaan ku daray aqoonta tijaabo ah oo af uxuu ku nool, laakiin aasaaska hadhay aragtida gacanta of Schleiden iyo Schwann, caqiidada aasaasiga ah ee kala ah:

• Is-cusboonaysiinta, is-adkeyneyna iyo gacanta is-nidaminayo - waa aasaaska iyo unit aasaasiga ah ee nolosha.
• Noolaha oo dhan caalamka lagu gartaa ay qaab-dhismeedka isku mid.
• cell A waa set oo ah polymers kaas oo la leydin ka kooban yahay imanba.
• Waxay taranka waa mid ku fula qaybinaya gacanta hooyada.
• organisms Multicellular ku lug leedahay unugyada gaarka ah ee unugyada, xubnaha iyo nidaamka.
• Dhamaan unugyada gaar ah loo sameeyay in kaladuwan ee totipotent.

dhibic bifurcation

Aragtida saynisyahano Jarmal Matthias Schleiden iyo Teodora Shvanna ahaa meesha ugu jeestay in horumarka sayniska. Dhamaan laamaha aqoon - histology, Cytology, biology kelli, cudurada anatomy, jirka, Kiimikada noole, embryology, aragti evolutionary, iyo qaar kale oo badan - ayaa helay wadadii awood horumarinta. Fikradda, oo waxgarasho cusub ee isdhexgalka gudaha nidaamyada nool siinayaa, ayaa furay jahooyinka cusub ee cilmi, oo markaas iyaga isticmaalaan. Ruush Ivan Chistyakov (1874tii) iyo nin cilmiga nafleyda barta ee Polish-German E. Strasburger (1875) waxay shaaca uga hab ay of mitotic qeybinta (asexual) cell. Raacay by helitaanka koromosoom oo ku jira xuduntii iyo kaalinta uu ku hiddo iyo kala duwanaansho of noolaha, habka of tarankooda iyo turjumaad ah DNA iyo kaalinta uu ku biosynthesis protein, tamarta iyo Dheef caag ah ee ribosomes, gametogenesis iyo formation of saygoot ah kelmadaha.

All daahfurtay kuwaas lebenkii dhisayaan sayniska ah ee gacanta sida qaybta dhismaha iyo saldhigga nolosha oo dhan on meeraha Earth. aqoon Warshadaha, aasaaskii oo la dhigay on the helay saaxiibo iyo jaalayaashooda, waxa ay ahaayeen saynisyahano Jarmal Schleiden iyo Schwann. Maanta, ku hubeysan bayoolajiga microscopy electron oggol yahay tobanaan iyo boqolaal jeer iyo qalab adag, hababka shucaac iyo dhidibada isotopic jaho, technology jilidda hidaha iyo embryology macmal ah, laakiin unugyada weli dhismeedka ugu dahsoon ee nolosha. All ikhtiraac cusub oo ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedkooda iyo hawlaha keeno dunida sayniska saqafkii dhismaha, laakiin qofna ma ogaan karo in ay dhismaha la dhamaystiri doono iyo marka. Dhanka kale, dhismaha aan la dhamaystiro, oo aynu wada sugaynaa in ikhtiraac cusub.