Xabagta chromium

Dhowr kiimiko ah oo ka kooban laba cunsur fudud - CR iyo O, - waxaa iska leh fasal xeryahooda ka imanba - oxides. Magacooda caadiga ah - xabagta chromium, qaaday in dheeraad ah parentheses tiro Roman tilmaamaya valence ee biraha. Magacyada kale iyo qaaciidooyinka kiimikada ay:

• chromium (II) xabagta - xabagta chromium, CrO;
• chromium (III) xabagta - cagaaran, sesquioxide chromium chromic, Cr2O3;
• chromium (IV) xabagta - xabagta chromium, CrO2;
• chromium (VI) xabagta - chromic anhydride, trioxide chromium, CrO3.

Xarunta A taas oo shestivalenten biraha iyo waxay leeyihiin xabagta sare ee chromium. Tani adag, ur, muuqaalka sida a kiristaalo mugdi-cas (hawada, inay ku kala baxay ay sabab u tahay hygroscopic xoog leh). miisaanka gaws - 99.99 g / jirjirroolaha. Mugga at 20 ° C si siman u 2,70 g / cm³. barta barafku - 197 ° C, karkaraya - 251 ° C. At 0 ° C biyaha diri 61,7 g / 100 at 25 ° C - 63 g / 100 ml at 100 ° C - 67,45 g / 100 ml. xabagta waxa kale oo kala diri ee acid sulfuric (chromic walaaqdey, taas oo loo adeegsadey in shaybaarka lagu maydho kiimikada ee suxuunta) iyo nitric acid, ethanol, ether ethyl, acetic acid, acetone. At 450 ° C decomposes in Cr2O3.

Chromium (VI) xabagta waxaa loo isticmaalaa in geedi socodka of electrolysis (waayo, chromium saafi ah) ee chromating waxyaabaha zinc, dahaadhay electrolytic, sida wakiilka xoog leh oksidheeyeyaal ah (wax soo saarka ee indigo, isatin). xabagta chromium Sare waxaa loo isticmaalaa laga arko khamriga hawada pipe. soo baxa falcelinta sida ay nidaamka: 4CrO3 + 6H2SO4 + 3C2H5OH → 2Cr2 (SO4) 3 + 3CH3COOH + 9H2O. Joogitaanka khamriga muujinaysaa isbedel color xal (rogaa cagaar).

Chromium (VI) xabagta, iyo sidoo kale jira sun dhan CR, waa sun awood (dose halis ah - 0.1 g). Sababta oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqa sare CrO3 sababa suuroggalaan (with qaraxyo) walxaha organic , in uu la kulmo. Inkastoo Degenaansho hoose, sare xabagta chromium waa khatar haddii la neefsado, sida uu yahay kansarka sanbabada. Marka xiriir la maqaarka (xitaa haddii ay waxa laga saaraa wax yar) keena cuncun, dermatitis, cambaarta, dhirfinaya horumarinta kansarka.

xabagta chromium Tetravalent la muuqaalka CrO2 waa adag ah oo ah qaab kiristaalo ferromagnetic tetrahedral madow. xabagta Chromium uu leeyahay tiro gaws of 4 83.9949 g / mol, cufnaanta 4,89 g / cm³. walax dhalaalayaa isku wadnay, at heerkul ah 375 ° C. biyo ma milaan. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qoro warbaahinta magnetic sida maalkii shaqeeya. Iyada oo ay caanka ah ee CD-ROM iyo drive DVD-ROM in ay isticmaalaan chromium (IV) xabagta hoos. Waxaa markii hore ku dhexsameeysmo 1956 by farmashiyaha ka yimid shirkadda EI Dupont Norman L. Cox by daatay ee trioxide chromium ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen biyo at heerkul ah 640 ° C iyo cadaadis ka mid ah 200 oo maalmihii lasoo dhaafay. Sida laga soo xigtay liisanka Dupont soo saaray Sony ee Japan iyo BASF ee Germany.

3 xabagta chromium Cr2O3 waa wax wanaagsan-grained adag ka ilaa iyo cagaar khafiif madow. mass gaws uyeelaysaan kuwo 151,99 g / mol. Mugga - 5.22 g / cm³. barta barafku - 2435 ° C, karkaraya - 4000 ° C. index The Refractive maalkii saafi ah - 2.551. xabagta Tani ma aha L. biyo, khamriga, acetone, acid. Sida ay gabogabo tahay cufnaanta ee cufnaanta corundum, waxaa maamula in daawooyinka wakiilada (tus, paste GOI) qiraan. Tani waa mid ka mid ah oxides aasaasiga ah ee chromium, taas waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida Midabka ah. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay on technology qarsoon waxaa la helay in 1838 ee foomka of qaab hufan biyuhu. In dabiiciga ah, oo laga helay qaab iron ore chrome Feo • Cr2O3.

chromium Divalent xabagta - midab madow ah ama casaan adag dhibic barafku ee 1550 ° C. a Dhalaalayaa la kala daatay. miisaanka gaws - 67,996 g / mol. xabagta Chromium (II) ee midabka cas ma aha pyrophoric, iyo xoolahaaga oo la mid ah waa pyrophoric madow. Powder ignites degna hawada, sidaa darteed waxaa lagu kaydin karaa oo keliya ka yar lakabka ah ee biyaha, sida aysan u dhexgalaan la. xabagta Black ee chromium waa mid aad u adag tahay in la helo qaab saafi ah.

Waayo, xabagta chromium la valence hoose guryaha caadiga ah ee aasaasiga ah, iyo xabagta la valence sare - acid.