Amooniyam Copper: sifooyinka tiro iyo tayo

Ereyga "amooniyam" waxaa loola jeedaa chemistry cusbo ah si fiican u yaqaan acid nitric, oo ka kooban qayb NO3 a xun lagu soo eedeeyay. In mineralogy iyo beeraha ayaa weli aad inta badan loo isticmaalaa Nitrate naqshada kale - "amooniyam", laakiin halkan waxa ay si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa la bedelay magaca sayniska more xaq.

Tixgelinaysa kiimikaad asaasiga ah ee Nitrate, waa, ugu horreeya oo dhan, ogow kuwa loo sameeyay ficil nitric acid la oxides, cusbada iyo, marar badan, iyadoo biraha. At xaaladaha heerkulka qolka ku ool ah oo dhan Nitrate aadka u adkaysta, laakiin marka heerkulka gaartay 200-6000 ° C, waxay bilaabaan inay ku dhalaali doonaan, si tartiib ah u wadnay galay qaybaha.

By jidka, waxa ku saabsan waxa xubno ka cawisa Nitrate, waxaa lagu xukumi karaa waxa meesha ay leeyihiin ee taxanahan electrochemical of stress biraha. Gaar ahaan, dhammaan Nitrate, taas oo ay kala daatay soo saaro nitrites oo u taagoo ogsijiin, waxaa ku jira biraha ah kuwaas oo bidixda ee magnesium (tus, lithium, barium, aluminium, Cobalt). Nitrate kuwa, kaas oo cawisa si ay u sameeyaan oxides nitrogen iyo bir, iyo oxygen ee taxanahan electrochemical waxaa lagu abaabulaa bareeg ah ka magnesium in copper.

amooniyam Copper u dhaqmo si gaar ah: ogsijiin lagu jiro ay kala daatay ma sii daayay, oo waxaa la aasaasay bivalent xabagta copper iyo dioxide nitrogen. Iyo, tusaale ahaan, xal of amooniyam oo lacag ah cawisa at heerkul ah "kaliya" 1700 ° C, ma aha oo kaliya ay muujineysaa oxygen saafi ah in tetravalent xabagta nitrogen, laakiin sidoo kale Britain ayaa si toos ah lacag.

Sidoo kale xusid mudan yahay in gabi ahaanba amooniyam oo dhan waa oxidant xoog leh, oo waa xaalad adag. Laakiin in xal ay lumin guryaha oxidative ay, oon ka acid nitric isku kala duwan.

Horeba wakhtiyadii hore qof ayaa ogaaday in cusbadii nitric acid iyo, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, Nitrate tahay Bacriminta u fiican, kaas oo ay leeyihiin awood u leh inay soo celiyaan bacriminta ciidda. Later, qayb weyn oo amooniyam la isticmaalay si loo abuuro waxyaabaha qarxa iyo daroogada.

kaalin gaar ah ayaa iska leh ka mid ah Nitrate oo amooniyam copper.

amooniyam Copper (CU (NO3) 2) ka dhigan adag walax imanba in qaab-dhismeedka iyo kiimikada guryaha ay la xiriira cusbada copper iyo nitric acid. The guryaha jireed oo amooniyam copper waa adag la daaqaddii crystal ah, iyo sidoo milma biyaha iyo xal kale oo badan (tus, ethanol, ammonia dareere ah, copolymer ethyl). Isla mar ahaantaana sida qaar ka mid ah cusbada kale ee nitric acid, amooniyam copper nuugaya qoyaan si ay u sameeyaan a crystal gaar ah midab buluug madow, oo soo kala bixiyeen in hawada la sare qoyaan qaraabo.

guryaha Chemical oo amooniyam ku xiran, oo gacanta ku hal, in tiro ka gaws of copper - joogto ah oo loo siman yahay ilaa 64 g / mol, oo kale ah - iyadoo awoodda oo amooniyam copper si uu u nuugo qoyaan, oon ku beddelaan oo ay magaceeda (amooniyam - trihydrate - hexahydrate), iyo xoolahooda. Sidaas darteed, tusaale ahaan, hydrate copper ammooniya waxaa giirte heerkulka a of 1700 ° C iyo trihydrate - hore u at 1200 ° C.

mass gaws oo naxaas ah ayaa sidoo kale waxaa muhiim ah in habka maamulaha helo amooniyam copper ammooniya waa ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee u taagoo copper iyo xabagta tetravalent oo naxaas ah. Waa in la dhasha maskaxda ku haysaa in amooniyam copper waa walax sun halkii, si ay wax soo saarka iyo kaydinta waa in sida waafaqsan dhammaan shuruudaha aasaasiga ah ee xeerarka badbaadada. Gaar ahaan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay ka cabsi qabto in walax this ayaa helay in xuubka ama maqaarka qofka, sida ay dhacdo in this, waxaa jira cuncun, taasoo keeni karta cudurro kala duwan.

By habka, ku dhowaad Nitrate oo dhan ka dhigi ama lesions kale ee maqaarka. Tusaale ahaan, xal isku mid ah lacag amooniyam xiriir la maqaarka aadanaha sababa muuqaalka kore ee dhibco madow, iyo haddii ay muddo dheer ku filan qaban, waxa ay keeni kartaa gubasho.