Caasimadda ah ee Australia: Sydney ama Canberra? Australia: map

War xaggee bay ku waxa uu ku yaalaa iyo magaca caasimadda ah ee Australia? Sydney ama Canberra - qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinkaas qabtaan hawlaha caasimadda? Si loo siiyo jawaabaha saxda ah su'aalaha ugu tegi doonaa iyadoo fogeyno safarka barriga fog. Mar dambe waxaa la helay America, laakiin Jacaylku ka hor. Muranka ku saabsan cidda Yurub ugu horeysay ka degay Australia, ma subsiding ilaa haatan. Sidoo kale waa dood socota oo ku saabsan nooca magaalada dalka ugu qurux badan oo lagu noolaan karo.

dhulweynaha Australia

kangaroos Photo iyo koalas - nooc ka mid ah wacaya card qaarada yar dhulka. Australia ku dhowaad 4.5 jeer ka yar ee Africa iyo 2.5 jeer oo kaliya in ka badan jasiiradda ugu weyn ee dunida - Greenland. On qaaradda, waa gobol weyn - ka Commonwealth of Australia. Ardayda badanaa waxaa ku adag in ay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ku saabsan magaca caasimadda ah ee Australia, Sydney ama Canberra? Melbourne ama Sydney? Iyo ma ahan oo keliya in qaaradood fog iyo dalalka. Waxaa jira dhowr sababood in laga fikiro ka hor inta aadan soo wac magaalada caasimadda ah. Sharax xaaladda si ay u caawiyaan aqoonta taariikhda helitaanka iyo dejinta ee qaarada Yurub by.

Dhacdooyinka ugu Muhiimsan ee Marxaladda koowaad ee taariikhda helitaanka iyo horumarinta ee Australia

Search for wadada badda ka Europe si Hindiya iyo Shiinaha si firfircoon sameeyay in muddo weyn daahfurtay juquraafi, Spain, Portugal, oo iyagaan iska daba, iyo Holland. Ka hor bilowgii qarnigii XVII ee Europe garan mayno, halkaas oo waa Australia ah. Macluumaad kala daadsan oo ku saabsan fiicfiican ee badmaax Portuguese iyo baayacmushtariyadii in xeebaha dalka oo aan la garaneyn koonfurta ay ka soo qarnigii XVI ka, laakiin caddeymaha la ururiyay kuma filna.

Waxaa la og yahay in sahamisa Torres ka Spain ee 1606dii iyada oo Strait koonfureed ee New Guinea maray, caddaynaya in ay tahay jasiirad, halkii ay ka qayb ka mid ah koonfurta qaaradda oo aan la garaneyn. Torres arkay Cidhiidhi ah in magiciisa maanta, xeebta ee dalka qaar ka mid ah (Australia) waxbay ushafeeci idanka marayo. kaalin weyn in ay daraasadda ee qaaradda ka dhigtay Holland. Muddo dheer ma loo yaqaan sida ay bari kala dhulka ee qaarada koonfurta.

Yurub oo dhan u muuqdaan kuwo aan caadi ahayn si ay dalalkoodii ku yaalaa meel fog koonfur furo. First of dhan, kuwaas oo ka soo World Old yimid yaabay marsupials, ciidda cas, qalajinta webiyaashaada. The ugu haboon ee nolosha muhaajiriinta ka Europe ahaa dhulka bari, halkaas oo Dabaylaha oo qoyan ka buuraha Badda dib u dhaco roobab badan bartamaha qaaradda.

Dabaasha D. Cook iyo doorka British degsiimada ee qaaradda

Loo yaqaan for gayanaya uu dunida ku baahsan England Dzheyms Kuk, garanaynin meeshuu Australia tegey sannadaha 1769-1770 inaad wax ka barato xuduudaha xeebaha bari. Marayay xeebaha ka New Zealand, Cook gaareen caaradda waqooyiga qaarada. Tan iyo waqti in bilaabay horumarka ka mid ah kuwan dalalkan maadooyinka of Crown Ingiriisi ah. January 26, 1788 gumeysi ugu horeeyay ee British waxaa la aasaasay. Ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII ka sii liidata fahamsan yahay gudaha territory taas oo aan looga hortagi sheegashada British in qaarada qabsado oo dhan. Iyada oo views ee Aborigines ku Tasmanian iyo mid ka mid ah Australian ma tirin.

Weli dood kacsan oo ku saabsan haddii ay jiraan ee la soo dhaafay taariikhiga ah ee xasuuqa qaaradda ee dadka wadaniga ah. Shaki kuma jiro jawaabta su'aasha ah ee luqada waa in Australia. Dalku waa tiro badan oo ka qaybgalayaasha ah Commonwealth of Nations. Si rasmi ah ciqaab hore iyo Queen hadda ee England - madaxa ka tirsan urur ee dalal iyo dhulal ku tiirsan. In Australia, luqadda rasmiga ah waa Ingiriisi.

qaaradda ugu yar Dhulka: booska juquraafi (GP)

In waxa u Safra ama waa Australia? Aynu eegno at map-ka. Sida aad arki karto, dhulweynaha waa koonfureed ee dhulbaraha, ie. E. Waxaa ku yaal gebi ahaanba in Hemisphere koonfurta. Xubnihii ugu weyn ee GP reer Australia ee loolka:

• York Peninsula - barta ba'an waqooyi ee barriga.
• booska ugu koofureed ee qaaradda degan Cape South Point.
• Territory of Australia kordhiyay isku midka ah 10 ° S. w. 39 ° S. w.
• Ku dhawaad dhexe ee qaaradda gudbay by Tropic koonfurta.

In waxa u Safra ama waa Australia: East ama West? Dhulweynaha ma midaysan loolalka 0 ° iyo 180 °, waxay ka dhigan tahay in ay si buuxda waxa uu ku yaalaa u Safra ama bari. Xubnihii ugu weyn ee GP ee Australia Dhigaha:

• sakaraad ee galbeed - m Point uga yaacday ilaa ..
• The meel bari ba'an qaadataa m. Byron.
• Australia been bari ee suusho 113 °. g., 153 ° ee galbeed. d.
• Bedka guud ee qaarada ku saabsan tahay 7.659.000. Km ^2.

Continent kala xagga galbeed iyo bari Km qiyaastii 4 kun.. Masaafada ka soo jeeda barriga waqooyi ilaa koonfur ee ay dhibic daahii dibadda oo ku saabsan 3.7 kun oo waa. Km.

aritani

Dhulweynaha Australia waxaa ku maydheen;

• Timor iyo Badda Arafura xagga woqooyi,
• Coral, Badda Tasman bari;
• talgaley iyo cidhiidhi ah oo Badweynta Hindiya u galbeedka iyo koonfurta.

Si koonfur-bari ee Australia waa Tasmania, jasiirad ah oo ku saabsan - in waqooyi-bari. New Guinea. Xeebaha bariga waddaa cluster ee dunida ugu weyn oo raamood - Great Barrier Reef. Dabiiciga ah "qaab dhismeedka" gaaro dherer ah Km 2 kun.. Qoryaale Coral, bed gaadhaya hab adag ka xeebta bari ee dhulweynaha Australia (photo mid ka mid ah jasiiradaha yaryar hoos ku qoran).

Commonwealth of Australia

Ilaa tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ka qayb qarnigii XIX ee Australia ka kooban yahay 6 deegaanada gaar ah la dawladaha u gaar ah oo ay, ciidamada qalabka sida iyo sifooyinka kale ee madax-bannaanida. In 1898 wuxuu bilaabay horumarinta dastuurka ee Federation degaanadii. Maalintii ugu horraysay ee 1901 Australiyaanka soo dhaweeyay sida muwaadiniinta ah hal gobol ah - ee Commonwealth of Australia.

xafiiltanka u dhexeeya magaalooyinka ee dalka, kaalinta lixaad ee dunida marka la eego dhulka, waxa bilaabay in ka badan 100 sano ka hor. Su'aasha kacay, halkaas oo ay noqon doontaa caasimadda ah ee Australia? Sydney ama Canberra - taas oo magaalooyinkaas door bidaan? Waa in la ogaadaa in badan Australiyaanka ahi waxay aaminsan ay qaaradda ugu aan caadi ahayn. From Sydney iyo Canberra waxaa qaylinaya magaaladooda, fikirka in ay yihiin kuwa ugu fiican. In Melbourne sheegan in magaalada ay waa picturesque, caan ah.

Sidee waxa loo yaqaan caasimadda ah ee Australia: Sydney, Melbourne ama Canberra?

Dawladaha Federaalka ka dib 1901 ayaa la posted on Territory Capital Australian ah oo si gaar ah u abuuray. Waxaa la go'aansaday in ay jiri doonaan caasimadda ah ee Australia. Sydney ama Melbourne - kuwanu waa laba magaalo ee ugu weyn ayaa noqon kara xarumaha maamulka ee xiriirka weli waa in tobanka sano ee hore ka dib markii ay Abuuridda. Marka Gaba dooda, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la joojiyo tartanka kacay. Xulasho waa laydin siiyaa inaad ku meel gaar ah Melbourne. Tani caasimada hore ee Australia, halkaasoo baarlamaanka federaalka ahaa rubuc ka mid ah hal qarni.

Fikradda dhismaha magaalo cusub oo waqti dheer si ay u soo galeen jiritaanka gayiga New South Wales, laakiin ma aha in Sydney, iyo in yar oo dheeraad ah ka soo xeebaha ka fog. Kaliya ee 1908 waxaa ugu danbeyn lagu ansixiyay goobta ee xarunta maamul iyo siyaasadeed ee dalka, iyo in 1911 bilaabay in ay design iyo dhismaha. hawlaha magaalada Melbourne sameeyaa ilaa 1927.

Canberra: saldhigga iyo magaalada

Waxaan ka badan dersin sano ka dib abuurista dawlad kaliya on waynaha maray, laakiin dad badan ayaa weli waxaa ku adag in ay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ah: "? Caasimadda ah ee Australia - Sydney ama Canberra"

In 1911, tartan lagu dhawaaqay, waayo, design ee magaalada cusub. Oo wuxuu isagii ku guuleystay naqshadeeyaha ugu American Walter Griffin. The qorayaasha of fikradda ah caasimada ah waxaa jiray shaki ah oo ku saabsan magaceeda. Waxaan bixinaa qaab: Dzheyms Kuk, Shakespeare, Olympus, laakiin ugu danbeyn, dhawray magaca taariikhiga ah.

In March 1913 dhagax ugu horeysay ee aasaaskii magaalada ayaa waxaa la aasaasay. Magaca caasimadda cusub ka yimaado tuulada eponymous Canberra on webiga Molongo. Masaafada halkan si aad u Sydney ka ee gobolka waqooyi-bari - oo ku saabsan 280 kilomitir si Melbourne ee koonfur-galbeed - 650 km. Erayga "Canberra" waxaa lagu turjumay luuqadaha reer aborigines of Australia micnaheedu noqon karaa macno ahaan "meel kulan". dejinta ugu horeysay ee Ingariis halkan muuqday 1820. fasax A qaranka - Maalinta aasaaska ah ee Canberra - Australia ayaa go'aansaday in ay u dabaal sanad walba (Isniinta labaad ee March).

xaqiiqada koritaanka, horumarka, iyo maanta Capital Australia

jahwareer dhaqaale ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka dib u dhismaha. Kaliya ee 1927 Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Australia ayaa ka soo dhaqaaqay Melbourne si Canberra. Koritaanka iyo horumarka ee caasimadda ayaa yareeyey inta lagu jiro Depression Great iyo dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Kaliya ka dib markii 1945 Canberra waxay bilaabeen inay u barwaaqoobi. Tirada dadka deggan agagaarka 392 kun oo waa. Man. In caasimadda, heerka shaqo la'aanta ee ka hooseeya iyo dakhliga celceliska uu ka badan yahay in dalka oo dhan. Markii hore, mashruuca loogu talagalay abuurka ah ee magaalada beer, nolol qurux badan oo raaxo leh. On dhulka ee Canberra hadhay meelaha la taaban karo ee meelaha Dhirta dabiiciga ah, jardiinooyinka jabay cusub oo god. In caasimadda, kursiga baarlamaanka waa Maxkamadda Sare, iyo hay'adaha dawladda badan. goobaha taariikhiga ah iyo soo jiidashada ee Canberra sida soo socota:

• Aqal ee Baarlamaanka (hore iyo hadda);
• Anglican Church of St. Ioanna Krestitelya ;
• xabaalo ee St. John;
• Museum Qaranka;
• War Memorial,
• Jaamacadda Qaranka ee Australia,
• Royal Military College,
• National Gallery.

Features of cufnaanta maamul-dhuleed iyo dadka

Intaa waxaa dheer in ay Territory Capital Federaalka, Australia waa qayb ka mid ah gobollada yar ku kala duwan yihiin baaxadda, tirada iyo Halabuurka dadweynaha. In ka yar ku nool yihiin iyo in la horumariyo goobta - North. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira 6 gobolada oo kala duwan: Western iyo South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria iyo Tasmania. Gobollada goobta ugu weyn ee Australia - Queensland iyo Western Australia.

magaalada ugu weyn ee dalka ku taalla xeebta bari, ma aha oo kaliya sababtoo ah taariikhda helitaanka iyo dejinta ee qaaradda. From Badweynta Pacific xeebaha Australia waddaa silsilad buuraha, sarajooggiisuna wuxuu celcelis ahaan - 1500-2000 m Tani waa Great Dividing Range, kaas oo ilaaliya strip xeebta ka dabaylo qalalan kulul is qarxiyaan ka soo jeeda gobollada dhexe ee lamadegaanka ..

magaalada ugu weyn on Coast East ah - Sydney. Tirada dadka iyo nawaaxigeeda ku dhawaad 4.4 million waa. Man. In photo magaalada inta badan aad ku arki kartaa dhismaha qurux badan cad ee House Opera ah, eg doonni dhoofnay ama qaybaha orange. Opera ee Sydney - mid ka mid ah qaababka ugu quruxda badan naqshadda dunida - calaamad u ah ma aha oo kaliya magaalada Laakiinse go'aankiisa oo dhan of Australia. Casri ah qoraaga xal farsamo ee dhismaha tiyaatarka (Jorg Utston) bixitaankii nolosha 10 sano. Aan caadi ahayn gudaha decoration opera ayaa loo yaqaan "runtan Gothic".

Melbourne waxa uu ku yaalaa koonfurta of Sydney iyo Canberra, tirada dadka deggan yahay oo ku saabsan 3.9 milyan oo qof. magaalada waxaa loo tix caasimada isboortiga ee Australia: waxaa jira tartanka tennis caalamiga ah, "Formula -1" fuula tartanka. naqshadaha asalka Interesting soo jiidata dalxiisayaasha Melbourne. City ka yar laba qarniyo, ayaa waxaad fartaan Wannaagga tuulada kalluumaysiga galay Magaalooyinka a a.

Sharaxaad kooban oo ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha weyn ee dhaqan-dhaqaale

Dulmarka guud ee Australia wuxuu noqon doonaa dhamaystirnayn haddii aadan siin tilmaamayaasha aasaasiga ah dadka, in aan ku xuso sifooyinka kale ee muhiimka ah dhaqan-dhaqaale ee dalka. Bedka guud ee gobolka federaalka ah ee Australia wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 7,687 km ^2. territory waxaa ka mid ma aha oo kaliya waynaha, laakiin sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah soo socda in ay gasiirado waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar. dadweynaha ee dalka - sida ku cad xogta 2014 - 23.8 milyan oo qof.

Dhaggan oo ka mid ah Church of England ee Commonwealth of Australia waxay leedahay oo ku saabsan 26% wadarta guud ee dadweynaha. About isla Australia Catholics iyo kuwa raacsan ka mid ah diimaha kale Christian. Waqtiga degtey on waynaha degay European dadka wadaniga ahaa heer hoose ah horumarinta. Australiyaanka asaliga ah ayaa ku hawlan ururinta miraha iyo abuurka duurka, ugaarsiga iyo kalluumeysiga.

On waynaha reer England bilaabeen inay dajiyaan dembiilayaal, gumeysi hore iyo degsiimooyinka kale joogtada ah. From World Old si Australia si wadajir ah ula dadka soo galootiga ah iyo xayawaanka guriga ahaayeen wareer ah ee dadka iyo xoolaha. Sidaas darteed cudurka si weyn u dhimay tirada dadka wadaniga ah. dhaawac weyn u flora duurjoogta sababay bakaylaha iyo geedo daaq kale acclimatized.

Australia waa hodan ku ah khayraadka dabiiciga ah, kuwaas oo inta badan miino ee gobollada waqooyiga iyo galbeedka dalka. minerals ayaa la odhan karaa oo gaas dabeeci ah, saliid, dhuxusha, biraha ferrous iyo non-ferrous, dahab iyo uranium. Qaley dhulweynaha ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo: shucaaca qoraxda, baddu, dabayl. The webi ee ugu waaweyn - Darling Murray iyo qulqulka - waraabiya beeraha beeraha koonfur. Australia - Gobolka xoolo-taranta waaweyn, gaar ahaan halkan horumariyo ganaax-fleeced ido iyo dibi barbaarinta. Investment by shirkadaha maxalliga ah iyo kuwa shisheeye in ay maal-shidaalka alaabta ceeriin lafo (saliidda iyo gaaska). The Commonwealth of Australia horumarinta macdanta iyo processing warshadaha, alaabta ceeriin dhoofinta-bixisey, tamarta iyo beeraha. Dalku waxa uu leeyahay qaybta a horumariyo jaamacadeed ah (aagga adeegga) dhaqaalaha.

Doorka lacagta ugu weyn waa matalaa dollar Australia. GDP per capita of Australia ka mid ah hogaanka toban dal, darajada lixaad ee adduunka. Australia, wadamada iyo caasimada Oceania soo jiitay dalxiisayaal. Waayo, dakhliga dhulal jasiiradda yar ka waaxdan dhaqaalaha waxaa lagama maarmaan ah.

Australia oo qayb ka ah Oceania

Control Commonwealth khusaysaa archipelagos iyo jasiiradaha: Ashmore, Cocos, Cartier, Macdonald, Norfolk, Christmas, Hurd (qaar ka mid ah goobahaas ma aha dadka deggan).

Caasimadda ah ee Australia iyo Oceania waxaa si weyn u kala duwan yihiin kasta oo kale oo siyaabo badan. quruumaha Inta badan jasiiradda heysatay dadka wadaniga ah. Xataa dhulka ugu weyn iyo karaamo Qaranimo tiirsan ee tobanaan jeer ka yar Australia. Sidaas daraaddeed, deegaanka dalka, oo ku taalla waqooyiga dalka Australia - Papua New Guinea - wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 463 kun km ^2, tirada dadka deggan gaaray 7.1 million ..

Xujooyinkooda qaaradda yar

Safarka Australia waa soo jiidasho leh in ay dad badan oo, sababta oo ah qaarada caan ku tahay qalaad. Waxaa jira gud, laga helay dhirta iyo ugaarta badan meel kale. Sida cilmi soo jeedinaynaa, in wakhtiyadii hore u qayb ka mid ah-qaaradda weyn Australia uu ahaa, laakiin sababta oo ah isaga kala oo miyigii in koonfur waxaa loo qaaday ka qaaradood kale. Sababtoo ah halka ay go'doomin ee Australia iyo wax ku saabsan. Tasmania raagayaan dhirta relic iyo marsupials, muddo dheer-bakhtiyeen ee Africa iyo Eurasia.

Sida ay natiijada excavations qaddiimiga ah, farshaxankiisa dhagax weyn, fossils aadanaha, alaabtii hore ee shaqada, cilmi goostay waqtiga dejinta ee qaaradda. Waxyaabihii ay soo jeedinayaan in Australia dadka ugu horeysay soo gaaray ka qaaradaha kale ee la deggan yahay. Waxaa laga yaabaa in dadka halkaas hore u yihiin oo ku saabsan 50 qarniyo, laakiin waxa ay u badan tahay in kuwii ugu horreeyey waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan 21 kun. Years ka hor.

cilmi Australian aqoonsado dubato meel gaar ah, oo rumaysan in ay degi xayawaanka qadiimiga ah ugu gobolka this dhulka. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in xilligii Paleozoic waxaa jiray dalka ay sabab u tahay qayb ka mid ah Asian ah Eurasia. Markaas on dubato waynaha waxa aan ahaa sida kala duwan. Long ka hor bilowga muddada Quaternary ee Australia yimid xoolaha marsupial. Ilaa waqti isku mid ah waxaa jiray kala danbeeyay ee qaaradood ah. Sida Australia ayaa aan awoodin in ay dhex gasho bahal ah - wakiilada oo ka mid ah nuujiya sare. Sidaa darteed, waayo, dubato wadaniga ah ee qaaradda ina hor, ma ay joogaan caadiga ah. Laga helaa Australia ee nuujiya mandheerta ugu da'da weyn - platypus iyo echidna, marsupials - kangaroos, koalas iyo xayawaanka kale oo aan caadi ahayn.