Gaashaaman Soviet side BTR-152: sooc

Dhibaatada gaadiidka shaqaalaha ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida aad uga walwalsan tahay dhammaan xafiisyada design Soviet, iyo gaar ahaan Taliska Sare. Iyada oo ku saleysan waayo-aragnimo ee la soo dhaafay, waxay ahayd wax iska cad in isticmaalka ujeedadaas baabuurta caadiga ah si fudud u dambi, tan iyo anigaa iska leh, diyaaradaha cadowga weerar kasta ama xataa inuu dab ka hubka yar yar waxaa loo soo diri karaa waaxda dhan noqodo. Waxaa ka dhanka ah asalka ah oo shakhi iyo ka classic side gaashaaman ugu horeysay BTR-152.

Diir ama aan giraangirta?

Oo su'aashan uusan haatan raagayn, xataa maanta. Markii hore waayo-aragnimo ah ee samaynta our ma qabto wax, sahan ayaa laga fuliyay labada dhinacba. First guuleystay apologists kuwan raadkaygay: mashiinada kuwaas laaluushay inuu iskutallaabtiisa, waxay sudhan yihiin yaabaa badan oo hubkiisa. Laakiin waxaa jiray dhibaatooyin qaar ka mid ah.

First, kakanaanta tababarka ee makaanikada, darawallada qalabka sida waxay ahayd sare iyo in yar oo ka liita wixii waxbarasho ah ee booyadaha. GAADHI lugta sidii markii hore ahaa tiro ka mid ah ciidamada, iyo tababarka tiro badan xirfadlayaasha xirfad sare leh ayaa kharribma. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay saameyn ku waayo-aragnimo xun ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic.

Waxaan ka hadleynaa logistics ah. Dabagal gawaarida gaashaaman, kuwaasoo ahaa sidii xisaabaha hordhac lahaa si loo dhammeeyo ugu yaraan 1/3 more shidaalka, iyo haddii aad eegto on hubka eego miisaanka ah, iyo xataa more. Sidee inay soo qaadaan naaftada mvssu in dagaal weyn ee cusub?

Intaa waxaa dheer, wheel ee mishiinka incomparably waa u fududahay in ay ku shaqeeyaan, dayactirka iyo wax soo saarka, nolosha adeeg ee ay ka badan. Ugu dambeyntii, APCs kuwan waa ay sahlan tahay in la sameeyo sabayn, halka la baabuurta dabagal taatiko sida kumbyuutarradeedu soo baxay waxyaabo badan oo adag. Doorashada waxaa loo sameeyey, iyo iftiimin ah 152-APC.

Start horumarka

Bilowga ee 1946 at warshadda VMS la bilaabay dhul zis-151 baabuur. Mar kale, waayo-aragnimo ah ee sanadihii hore, gaariga markii hore sameeyey kala duwan, si siman haboon in loo isticmaalo in dhaqaalaha dalka, iyo in ciidamada qalabka sida. Si dhakhso ah, samaynta ogaaday in gabi ahaanba universal dhacaya oo kaliya in sheekooyinka iyo riyooyin, iyo si diiradda on cilmi berrinkii xamuulka ah Gaarna ciidanka, kuwaas oo helay index "UJEEDDO-140".

Makiinadaha loo isticmaalo ka zis caadiga ah. Sidoo kale waxaa la soo amaahday jir ah iyo, on the la keenin wax 385 mm. Laakiin tani circuit samaynta qaabka loo isticmaalo saddex ulahooda wareejiya. Si ka duwan model asalka ah waxaa loo isticmaalay sida safarka ganaax la dheereeyey, oo awood badan, kordhiyay iyo xoojiyeen ilo.

sooc ka daali

Taayirada - qabsatooyinkoodiiba balaartay iyo awood badan oo bixiya permeability sii kordhaya ee ku dhowaad nooc kasta oo ciidda, in cimilo kasta iyo xaaladaha cimilada.

Taayirada qiyaasayey in ay isticmaalaan oo keliya cadaadis hoose (4 kg / cm ^3). Maxaa yeelay, dhammaan buundooyinka codsan hal track a. Resistance dhaawac (oo ay ku jiraan inta lagu guda jiro duqeyn) samaynta markii hore la qorsheeyey in la gaadho iyadoo la isticmaalayo nidaamka la laba jireen qolalka, iyo dhajinta qalabka isugu iyaga la buunbuuniyo on go ah. Si 152 APCs ka meelaha khatarta ah la xawaaraha ugu badan ee engine mishiinka saari waayeen ciidamada waxaa isla markiiba lagu qasbay in ay 118-122 litir. a. (Balanqaad qiimaha laakiin kama badna 110 l. C.).

astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee mishiinka

nooca side, ka taarikada hubka, kuwaas oo dhumucdiisuna waxay ahayd 6, 8, 10 iyo 13 mm welded - Daboolka. By rabitaan ah maskax iyo caqli gal ah hubka kaliga dambe laga yaabaa "sii" garaacid rasaas 12.7 mm. qol Engine - hore ee mashiinka, module gacanta ku yaalla gadaashiisa. Sida-BTR 40, caga bay cutubkan waxaa ku yaalla dhabarka iyo gabi ahaanba furan ugu sareysa.

Waayo, ilaalinta ciidda hawada iyo roobab isticmaalo tarpaulin saari karo ka. Embarkation iyo caga lagu qaaday iyada oo albaabka dambe ee golaha wasiirada. In qaybta hore waxaa jira laba albaab kaas oo fuulay darawalka gaariga oo askari.

isku soo saarka difaaca APC

sheet hubkiisa Front ayaa daahyada ka dhisay-in, fududeeyaa eegista qarsoodi ah xaafadaha for markabka. Manholes xaaladaha dagaalka la filayo dhow u saftay wax la mid ah gaashaaman hagaajiyey, galaas rasaas-caddayn. Halabuurka The hubka shaqaalaha is-152 gawaadhida gaashaaman ee ka mid ahaa: ki Moon-47 (qoriga nidaamka Goryunova mashiinka) 7.62 mm, taas oo markii dambe bedelay SGM. In labada kiisaska, mugga of rasaasta ka badan kun rasaas ah.

Hubka lagu rakibayaa karo mid ka mid ah hubka ku yiil dhinac kasta (mid kasta laba xabbadood). Sidoo kale dhinacyada halkaas mar ahaa lix dulduleelo ku wareegsan, iyadoo la isticmaalayo, taas oo, markabka dab laga yaabaa hub shakhsi. Masuul ka ah xidhiidhka radio yara adag oo si sahlan 10-PT-12.

Maris ah imtixaannada gobolka, gunaanad ku dul

First BTR-152, taas oo uu leeyahay sawir in article tageen oo maxkamad horraantii 1947. Isla mar ahaantaana "tartanka" saddex mashiinada wax soo saarka taxane. Natiijada baaritaanka waxa ay xaqiijisay in rajada fiican oo ka mid ah sidayaasha cusub gaashaaman. Gaar ahaan, ay permeability waa weyn u xoogbadan, in ka mid ah-GAZ 63. On waddada gaariga dardar laga yaabaa in si degdeg ah 80-85 km / h. Saddex sano ka dib, ee model APC-152 ayaa si buuxda u soo maray dhamaan marxaladaha jirrabaya, baabuurka waxaa si rasmi ah la gelin adeegga Ciidanka Soofiyeeti.

Issue iyo casriyeynta xiga

baabuurta gaashaaman soo saaray ee warshadda VMS. Guud ahaan, dhan ku heshiiyay fikir ah in samaynta ay u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro baabuur si caddaalad ah oo fudud, laakiin lagu kalsoonaan karo in si buuxda taam u ujeeddada. Dabcan, ceebaha qaar ka mid ah ayaa kuweed ah. Tusaale ahaan, cufnaanta awood ay ahayd xad daciif, iyo permeability ah (marka loo eego gaadiidka dabagal) ma gaadho aragtida. Laakiin alaabtayda oo dhan this.

casriyeynta oo ka mid ah-BTR 152 lagu qaaday markii danbe, ka dib markii taas mashiinada leeyihiin B. index ah version waxaa la qaatay sannadkii 1955, iyo waqti isku mid ah u bilaabay wax soo saarka mass. Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee ka model aasaasiga ahaayeen qaybaha iyo kiniisadaha oo dhan dhul ZIL-157 gaari xamuul ah, taas oo ay ka dibna waxaa bedelay ZIL-151 on line shirka warshada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cibaaro ugu weyn ee mashiinka waa in la soo dajiyo hagaagay, nidaamka "sare" sicir bararka hawada dhexe ee banjarin (12.00 x 18).

Patency iyo dagaal survivability ee gawaadhida gaashaaman waqti isku mid ah ayaa si weyn u kordhay. Ugu dambeyntii, 152 gawaadhida gaashaaman (gaashaaman Soviet side) ayaa helay samovytaskivaniya a xarig culeys lugu koriyo awood, aad bay u fududeeyo nolosha ee ay darawalka. , Kaas oo u muuqday in 1957, wax ka bedelidii B1 ah, ayaa sidoo kale helay version cusub ee nidaamka sicir bararka taayirrada dhexe ah, kaas oo uu si fiican u ilaaliyo waxyeello suurto gal ah. Ugu dambeyntii, gaariga ayaa helay radio cusub P-113, waa ka badan la isku halayn karo.

beddelid soo dhaafay

Qiyaastii in isla muddadaas by gawaadhida gaashaaman ayaa bilaabay in ay ku riday habeennimo TVN-2, iyo in bay dhulka ugu dambeyntii waxaa kulaylinta nidaam in si deg deg ah u mahadnaqayo askartii Degmada Military Trans-Baikal. In 1959, on hubka socodka serial Soviet BTR-152K, kala weyn kaas oo ahaa joogitaanka saqafka iyo qiiqa taageere caadi ah gaashaaman.

saqafka A waa saamayn aad u wanaagsan oo ku saabsan ammaanka ee dhulka. Siyaabo badan, isticmaalka sida xal wax dhisid ah ay sabab u ahayd ah ee hubka nuclear hubaysan NATO ee kala duwanaansho kala duwan.

The isbedel ugu muhiimsan ee wax ka beddelid ee la soo dhaafay

Waa midda koowaade, height jidhka ayaa si degdeg ah kor u kacay ilaa 300 mm. dhererkiisu dhan saqafka waxaa jiray ukunteeda ku xiran by taarikada hubkiisa. Si cover weyn fududaatay in la furo, ay qeexeen la bar torsion. albaabka Emergency ku yaal xaggiisa dambe ee mashiinka, waxay on wheel u tudhin waxaa dhajinta. Kor kursiga wadaha ee uu sameeyey sacadda gaar ah looga baahan yahay la rakibo qalab habeennimo TVN-2.

Sida nuquladii hore, an side gaashaaman lahaa afar qaansada ku for kordhaya qoryaha darandooriga, lakiin waxaa lagu rakibay on dhinacyada lifaaqa ma aha kiiska, laakiin si toos ah on saqafka. In door ah oo hub ugu adeegi kara SGMB model ama FCT. booska Gunner waa kaliya kor ku xusan qaybta gacanta. Waa in la ogaadaa in qaar ka mid ah gawaarida gaashaaman guud ahaa kuwii dulmilowga ahaa qoryaha.

Si ka duwan kala duwanaansho ee la soo dhaafay, taas military BTR-152 ma lahayn kursi markabka lagu rakibay si toos ah on top of Haamaha Shiidaalka. Taas darteed tirada paratroopers hoos, laakiin si weyn u kordhay survivability dagaalka ee mishiinka. Intaa waxaa dheer, tabo cusub ayaa ka muuqataa in design ee engine ah, taas oo uu ka helay madaxa dhululubo aluminium.

Abuuritaanka rakiban qori is-baasuukayaal

model Tani waxa ay ahayd intii hore iyo in Army Soofiyeeti farsamada tababar, oo ku salaysan, taas oo la abuuray darandoorriga is-gano gaar ah. Habka ugu horeysay, ka-BTR 152A (ZTPU-2), waxay bilaabeen in ay soo saaraan in 1950, ku dhowaad isku mar la sii daayo gaashaaman side shaqaalaha. Rasmi ah, farsamadaa waxa lagu riday adeegga ee 1951.

Laakiin 1952, imtixaannada gobolka u yimid run "bahal" ZTPU-4 (laba aadeen KPVT, guud ahaan afar foosto heerkiisa 14.5 mm). Rasaas of mishiinka waa 2000 darbo. technology awood ayaa heer sare ah, laakiin sababta oo ah habab ee buuga lagu doonayo waa mid aad u adag si ay u bartaan, xamaasad leh ugu rakibo military ma keenaan.

Sameeyey doorashadan waxay ahayd oo kaliya koobi yar, korsaday "Spark" marna qaaday. Halkee guul ahaa zu-23 heerkiisa 23 mm, iyo gacanta ah mashiinka khaas ah BTR-152U, feature a kala duwan ee kaas oo jidhka oo leh height ah oo aad u kordhay. Tan waa la sameeyey si ay u haboon in qalabka mugga gudaha weyn.

Maanta, ku-BTR 152 leh ilaalinta ka mid yihiin kuwa soo ururinayay lacagta qaniga ah iyo taageerayaasha qalab military oo caan ah, iyo qof iyaga ka dhigaa baabuur khaas ah oo loogu talagalay in ay u safraan on ugaarsiga iyo kalluumeysiga.