Hadda Electric ee semiconductors ah

hadda Electric ee semiconductors - waxaa si toos ah dhaqdhaqaaqa godadkii iyo electrons, kuwaas oo saamayn ku duurka ku korontada.

Sidaas darteed of tijaabo, waxaa la arkay in hadda korontada ee semiconductors aan la Ulasocto kala iibsiga ee arrinta - iyaga oo aan ku lug isbedel kasta oo kiimiko ah. Sayidka, sidayaal ah, electrons la oran karo waa in semiconductors.

Awoodda mid ah waxyaabaha la si ay u sameeyaan waxa ay ku koronto la go'aamin karaa by conductivity gaarka ah. By tilmaamahan kirishbooyada mashquulin meel dhexe oo u dhexeeya kirishbooyada iyo insulators. Semiconductors - kuwaas oo noocyo kala duwan oo ah macdanta, macdanaha qaarkood, sulfides biraha, iwm hadda Electric ee semiconductors baxdo ka fiirsashada of electrons free taas oo dhaqaajin karin directionally in walax. Isbarbar Biraha iyo kirishbooyada, waxaa laga yaabaa in la ogaadaa in uu jiro farqi u dhexeeya saamayn heerkulka ay conductivity ah. Korodh heerkulka ah u keenaysaa in hoos u dhac in conductivity ee biraha. In semiconductors ee heerka tabinta kordhay. Haddii la kordhiyo Semiconductor heerkul ah, mooshinka ee electrons free noqon doontaa mid ka goosgooska. Tan waxa u sabab la kordhiyo tirada shilalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in semiconductors marka la barbardhigo Biraha, waxaa si weyn kor ugu cufnaanta bandhigay of electrons free. Arrimahan waxay saamayn ka soo horjeeda on conductivity ku saabsan: shilalka ka badan, ka yar ee conductivity ah, ka sii weyn fiirsashada, sare waa. In biraha, waxaa jira tiirsanaanta u dhexeeya heerkulka iyo ka-fiirsashada ee electrons free lahayn, si isbeddel ku conductivity leh heerkulka sii kordhaya hoos u suurtagal ah in mooshin ah ku amray of electrons free kaliya. Sida Semiconductor ah, saamayn bandhigay of sii kordhaya fiirsashada sare. Sidaas darteed, soo sara kaco heerkulka ka weynaan doona, weyn conductivity ah.

Waxaa jira xiriir ka dhexeeya dhaqdhaqaaqa sidayaal lacag iyo erey la mid ah hadda korontada ee semiconductors. In semiconductors, ka qaadaan sidayaal lagu gartaa muuqaalka kore ee arrimo kala duwan, kuwaas oo ka mid ah heerkulka halista ah iyo daahirsanaanta mid ah waxyaabaha la. semiconductors khayroon daahirnimo kala qaybsan yihiin extrinsic oo u gaar ah.

Sida ay kaari u gaar ah, saamaynta nijaasta heerkulka a qaarkood laga yaabaa in aanay lagama maarmaan iyaga u. Tan iyo farqiga band ee semiconductors ay yar tahay, ee Semiconductor ah jaleelada, marka heerkulku gaadho eber buuxda, waxaa jira buux buuxa oo electrons valence ah. Laakiin band tabinta waa lacag la'aan, ma jiraan wax conductivity korontada, iyo waxa u shaqeeya sida insulator ugu saxsan. At heerkul kale, waxaa suuro gal ah in isbedbedelka kaamerada mid ah electrons gaar ah looga gudbi karo caqabad ku iman kara iyo ka muuqan in band tabinta ah.

Thomson saamayn

Mabda'a ah thermoelectric saamayn Thomson markii koronto ee semiconductors, oo ay la socdaan taas oo ay jirto Wehliyaha heerkulka iyaga ku ah, marka laga reebo in la sii daayo kulaylka Joule ama nuugista of xaddi dheeraad ah ee kulaylka dhici doona ku xiran tahay jihada taas oo hadda ka duuli doona.

uniform ku filnayn soo xareeyo kulaylinta, isagoo qaab dhqaalaha saameeyaa hantida, dheehan wax ku noqdo non-uniform. Sayidka, saamayn Thomson waa arrin gaar ah Peltier. Faraqa kaliya ee waa in sidiisa non-kiimikada kala duwan ee tusaalaha ah, iyo heerkulka asalnimada waa heterogeneity this.